Opsonization
Opsonization
Opsonization (/ɒpsəˈnaɪzəʃən/) is a process in the immune system where pathogens are marked for destruction by phagocytes. This process is facilitated by the binding of opsonins, such as antibodies or complement proteins, to the pathogen.
Etymology
The term "opsonization" is derived from the Greek word "opsonion", which means "condiment" or "sauce". This is a metaphorical reference to the way opsonins "flavor" pathogens to make them more appetizing to phagocytes.
Process
Opsonization begins when an antibody or a complement protein binds to an antigen on the surface of a pathogen. This binding process is known as antigen-antibody reaction. The bound antibody or complement protein then acts as a signal to phagocytes, such as neutrophils and macrophages, that the pathogen is ready to be engulfed and destroyed.
Related Terms
- Antibody: A protein produced by the immune system that recognizes and binds to specific antigens.
- Antigen: A substance that triggers an immune response, especially the production of antibodies.
- Phagocyte: A type of immune cell that engulfs and destroys pathogens and other foreign substances.
- Neutrophil: A type of white blood cell and a type of phagocyte that is often the first to arrive at the site of an infection.
- Macrophage: A type of white blood cell that engulfs and destroys pathogens and other foreign substances, and plays a key role in the immune response.
- Complement protein: A group of proteins that work together to destroy foreign cells, trigger inflammation, and perform other functions in the immune response.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Opsonization
- Wikipedia's article - Opsonization
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