Pessary

Pessary

Pessaries

Introduction

A pessary is a contraceptive device designed to be inserted into the vagina to prevent pregnancy. It is a flexible, dome-shaped cup made of rubber or plastic that works by covering the cervix to block sperm from entering the uterus. Pessaries have been used for centuries as a method of contraception and have evolved in design and materials over time.

A modern contraceptive pessary.

History

The use of pessaries as a form of contraception dates back to ancient times, with references to similar devices found in ancient Greek and Egyptian texts. Initially, various materials such as crocodile dung, honey, and cotton were used. The modern rubber or silicone pessaries were developed in the 19th and 20th centuries, providing a safer and more effective means of contraception.

Types and Materials

There are several types of contraceptive pessaries, including:

• Diaphragm pessaries: A shallow, dome-shaped device made of silicone or latex.
• Cervical cap pessaries: Smaller than diaphragms and designed to fit snugly over the cervix.

The choice between types depends on individual preference, fit, and comfort. Modern pessaries are typically made from silicone or latex, materials chosen for their flexibility, durability, and safety.

Mechanism of Action

Pessaries act as a physical barrier preventing sperm from entering the uterus. For increased effectiveness, they are often used in conjunction with spermicidal agents that immobilize or kill sperm on contact.

Usage and Effectiveness

To be effective, a pessary must be correctly inserted into the vagina before intercourse and left in place for at least 6-8 hours after. When used correctly and consistently, pessaries can be an effective form of contraception. However, their effectiveness is generally lower than that of hormonal methods of contraception.

How does it work?

it is filled with spermicide and fitted over the uterine cervix

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages of using a pessary include:

• Non-hormonal method of contraception.
• Reusable and cost-effective over time.
• Provides immediate contraception without the need for preparation in advance.

Disadvantages may include:

• Requires correct placement to be effective.
• Possible discomfort or allergic reactions to materials.
• Does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

See Also

• Contraception
• Diaphragm (contraception)
• Cervical cap

References

• "Contraceptive Technology." Robert A. Hatcher et al., 20th Revised Edition.
• "A History of Contraception." Angus McLaren, Wiley-Blackwell.

External Links

• World Health Organization: Family Planning
• Planned Parenthood: Birth Control