McKittrick–Wheelock syndrome

McKittrick–Wheelock syndrome
Synonyms
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Diarrhea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance
Complications	Renal failure, shock
Onset
Duration
Types
Causes	Villous adenoma of the colon
Risks
Diagnosis	Colonoscopy, biopsy
Differential diagnosis
Prevention
Treatment	Surgical resection of the tumor
Medication
Prognosis
Frequency	Rare
Deaths

McKittrick–Wheelock syndrome is a rare condition characterized by severe water-electrolyte imbalance due to the secretion of large amounts of fluid by a mucinous adenoma of the rectum or colon. The syndrome was first described by McKittrick and Wheelock in 1954.

Etiology

The primary cause of McKittrick–Wheelock syndrome is a mucinous adenoma, a type of benign tumor that originates from the glandular epithelium of the rectum or colon. These tumors secrete large amounts of mucus, which can lead to severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with McKittrick–Wheelock syndrome typically present with symptoms of severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, such as fatigue, weakness, and confusion. Other symptoms may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. In severe cases, the syndrome can lead to hypovolemic shock, a life-threatening condition characterized by a severe loss of blood volume.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of McKittrick–Wheelock syndrome is typically made based on the patient's clinical presentation and the results of colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy, which can reveal the presence of a mucinous adenoma. Additional tests, such as blood tests and urine tests, may be performed to assess the severity of the patient's dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.

Treatment

The primary treatment for McKitrick–Wheelock syndrome is the surgical removal of the mucinous adenoma. This can usually be accomplished through a colectomy or proctectomy, depending on the location of the tumor. In addition to surgery, patients may require intravenous fluids and electrolyte supplements to correct their dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.

Prognosis

With prompt diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis for patients with McKitrick–Wheelock syndrome is generally good. However, if left untreated, the syndrome can lead to serious complications, including hypovolemic shock and renal failure.

See Also

• Mucinous adenoma
• Water-electrolyte imbalance
• Hypovolemic shock

NIH genetic and rare disease info

• NIH info on McKittrick–Wheelock syndrome

McKittrick–Wheelock syndrome is a rare disease.

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