Iran
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Country in Western Asia
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. With over 83 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th most populous country. Its capital and largest city is Tehran.
Etymology
The name Iran is derived from the Middle Persian Ērān, which means "land of the Aryans". The term has been in use natively since the Sassanian era.
History
Ancient Iran
Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BC. The first Iranian empire was the Achaemenid Empire, founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC, which became one of the largest empires in history.
Islamic Conquest
In the 7th century, the Rashidun Caliphate conquered the Sassanian Empire, leading to the spread of Islam in Iran. The country became a major center of Islamic culture and learning.
Modern Era
In the 20th century, Iran underwent significant political changes, including the Iranian Revolution of 1979, which led to the establishment of the current Islamic Republic under Ayatollah Khomeini.
Geography
Iran is characterized by a diverse landscape that includes mountains, deserts, and forests. The Zagros Mountains run along the western part of the country, while the Alborz Mountains are located in the north.
Government and Politics
Iran is a theocratic republic with a Supreme Leader who holds significant power over all branches of government. The President is the head of government and is elected by popular vote.
Economy
Iran's economy is a mixed and transition economy with a large public sector. It is heavily reliant on the oil and natural gas industries, which contribute significantly to national revenue.
Culture
Iran has a rich cultural heritage that includes literature, art, and architecture. Persian literature, particularly the works of poets like Hafez and Rumi, is highly regarded.
Demographics
The majority of Iran's population is ethnically Persian, with significant minorities including Azeris, Kurds, and Lurs. The official language is Persian, and the predominant religion is Twelver Shia Islam.
Education
Iran has a well-established education system, with numerous universities and research institutions. The University of Tehran is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in the country.
Health
Iran has a comprehensive healthcare system that provides services to the majority of the population. The country has made significant advancements in medical research and healthcare delivery.
See also
References
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- Pages with script errors
- Countries in Asia
- Middle Eastern countries
- Western Asia
- Islamic republics
- Member states of the United Nations
- Countries bordering the Caspian Sea
- Countries bordering the Persian Gulf
- Countries bordering the Gulf of Oman
- Countries in the Persian Gulf region
- Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
- Member states of OPEC
- Member states of the Non-Aligned Movement
- Member states of the Economic Cooperation Organization
- Member states of the Group of 15
- Asia geography stubs
Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
