Pakistan

Map of Pakistan

Pakistan is an Islamic republic that occupies the heartland of ancient south Asian civilization in the Indus River valley; formerly part of India; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947.

According to the CIA world factbook: The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world and dating back at least 5,000 years, spread over much of what is presently Pakistan.

History

During the second millennium B.C., remnants of this culture fused with the migrating Indo-Aryan peoples. The area underwent successive invasions in subsequent centuries from the Persians, Greeks, Scythians, Arabs (who brought Islam), Afghans, and Turks.

The Mughal Empire

The Mughal Empire flourished in the 16th and 17th centuries; the British came to dominate the region in the 18th century.

Independence

• In 1947, British India was divided into the Muslim state of Pakistan (with West and East sections) and largely Hindu India.
• However, the disputes related to the separation was never satisfactorily resolved with many wars and proxy wars between the two.

Conflict with India

• India and Pakistan fought two wars and a limited conflict - in 1947-48, 1965, and 1999 respectively - over the disputed Kashmir territory.
• A third war between these countries in 1971 - in which India assisted an indigenous movement reacting to the marginalization of Bengalis in Pakistani politics - resulted in East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of Bangladesh.

Pakistan on globe

• In response to Indian nuclear weapons testing, Pakistan conducted its own tests in mid-1998.
• India-Pakistan relations improved in the mid-2000s but have been rocky since the November 2008 Mumbai attacks and have been further strained by attacks in India by militants believed to be based in Pakistan.

Government

Imran KHAN took office as prime minister in 2018 after the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaaf (PTI) party won a plurality of seats in the July 2018 general elections.

Armed conflicts

Pakistan has been engaged in a decades-long armed conflict with militant groups that target government institutions and civilians, including the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and other militant networks.

Quick facts

• Quick facts about Pakistan

List of Pakistan related topics

• Health in Pakistan

Pakistan related topics

• COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan

• Family planning in Pakistan

• HIV/AIDS in Pakistan

• Obesity in Pakistan

• Suicide in Pakistan

• Journal of Pakistan Medical Association

• Medical tourism in Pakistan

• Diseases in Pakistan

Native medical systems

• Unani medicine
• Ayurveda

Lists

• List of medical schools in Pakistan

• List of hospitals in Pakistan

• List of doctors in Pakistan

CIA world factbook

CIA world factbook Pakistan

• Wikipedia

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