Ekbom syndrome

Ekbom Syndrome, also known as Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), is a neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move one's body to stop uncomfortable or odd sensations. It most commonly affects the legs, but can also affect the arms, torso, and even phantom limbs. Moving the affected body part modulates the sensations, providing temporary relief.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of Ekbom Syndrome is a compelling urge to move the legs, often accompanied by uncomfortable sensations described as creeping, crawling, tingling, pulling or painful. These sensations typically occur in the calf area but may be experienced in the feet, thighs, arms, and hands. Symptoms are generally worse at night and can lead to sleep disturbances.

Causes

The exact cause of Ekbom Syndrome is unknown. However, it is believed to be related to abnormalities in the neurotransmitter dopamine, which plays a key role in controlling muscle movement. Other factors that may contribute to the development of the syndrome include heredity, pregnancy, iron deficiency, and kidney failure.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Ekbom Syndrome is primarily based on the patient's symptoms and medical history. The International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group has established four essential criteria for the diagnosis of RLS, which include an urge to move the legs, symptom worsening at rest, symptom improvement with activity, and symptom worsening in the evening or night.

Treatment

Treatment of Ekbom Syndrome focuses on relieving symptoms. This may include lifestyle changes, such as reducing caffeine and alcohol intake, maintaining a regular sleep pattern, and engaging in regular physical activity. Medications may also be used, including dopaminergic drugs, benzodiazepines, opioids, and anticonvulsants.

Epidemiology

Ekbom Syndrome affects approximately 5-10% of the general population, with women being affected twice as often as men. The prevalence of the syndrome increases with age.

See also

• Periodic limb movement disorder
• Willis-Ekbom Disease Foundation
• Neurology

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External links

• Comprehensive information from the National Institute of health.
  

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