Chronic periodontitis

Chronic Periodontitis is a common disease that affects the periodontium, the tissues that surround and support the teeth. It is characterized by inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth, progressive attachment, and bone loss. This is the most frequently occurring form of periodontitis, and is often associated with the accumulation of plaque and tartar.

Etiology

Chronic periodontitis is primarily caused by the accumulation of bacteria in dental plaque, which triggers an immune response leading to inflammation and, eventually, to tissue and bone destruction. The primary bacterial species associated with chronic periodontitis are Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola.

Clinical Features

The clinical features of chronic periodontitis include gingival redness and swelling, gingival bleeding, gingival recession, tooth mobility, and the presence of periodontal pockets. The disease is often painless and the affected individuals may be unaware of the ongoing damage.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of chronic periodontitis is based on a comprehensive periodontal examination. This includes a thorough medical and dental history, clinical examination, radiographic examination, and periodontal charting.

Treatment

The primary goal of treatment is to control the infection and halt the progression of the disease. This is achieved through oral hygiene instruction, scaling and root planing, use of antimicrobial agents, and in severe cases, surgical intervention.

Prevention

Prevention of chronic periodontitis involves maintaining good oral hygiene practices, regular dental check-ups, and professional cleanings.

See Also

• Gingivitis
• Periodontal disease
• Oral hygiene
• Dental plaque