Antimigraine drug

Antimigraine Drug: Zolmitriptan

Chemical structure of Zolmitriptan

Zolmitriptan is a medication used primarily in the treatment of migraine headaches. It belongs to a class of drugs known as triptans, which are selective serotonin receptor agonists. Zolmitriptan is effective in alleviating the symptoms of migraine attacks, including headache, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound.

Mechanism of Action

Zolmitriptan works by stimulating 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors, which are subtypes of the serotonin receptor. This action leads to the constriction of dilated intracranial blood vessels and inhibition of pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release, thereby reducing migraine symptoms.

Pharmacokinetics

Zolmitriptan is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations occurring within 2 to 3 hours. It undergoes hepatic metabolism, primarily by monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), and is excreted in the urine. The drug has a half-life of approximately 3 hours.

Indications

Zolmitriptan is indicated for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults. It is not intended for the prophylactic therapy of migraine or for the treatment of cluster headache.

Dosage and Administration

Zolmitriptan is available in various forms, including oral tablets, orally disintegrating tablets, and nasal sprays. The typical starting dose is 2.5 mg, which can be increased to 5 mg if needed. A second dose may be taken if the migraine persists, with a minimum interval of 2 hours between doses. The maximum recommended dose is 10 mg in a 24-hour period.

Side Effects

Common side effects of zolmitriptan include dizziness, somnolence, and dry mouth. Less common but more serious side effects can include serotonin syndrome, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Patients with a history of cardiovascular disease should use zolmitriptan with caution.

Contraindications

Zolmitriptan is contraindicated in patients with a history of ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular syndromes, and uncontrolled hypertension. It should not be used concurrently with other triptans or ergotamine-containing medications.

Related Pages

• Migraine
• Triptans
• Serotonin receptor
• Monoamine oxidase