Enterobacter cloacae

A species of Gram-negative bacteria

Enterobacter cloacae under a microscope

Enterobacter cloacae is a species of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is a facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the human gastrointestinal tract, as well as in the environment, including soil and water.

Characteristics

Enterobacter cloacae is a motile bacterium, possessing peritrichous flagella that allow it to move. It is oxidase-negative and catalase-positive, and it can ferment a variety of carbohydrates, including glucose, lactose, and sucrose. The bacterium is known for its ability to grow at a wide range of temperatures, from 10°C to 45°C, and it can survive in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Pathogenicity

Colonies of Enterobacter cloacae on agar plate

Enterobacter cloacae is an opportunistic pathogen, meaning it can cause infections in individuals with weakened immune systems or underlying health conditions. It is associated with a variety of infections, including urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, bacteremia, and wound infections. In healthcare settings, it is a notable cause of nosocomial infections, particularly in intensive care units.

Antibiotic Resistance

Enterobacter cloacae has developed resistance to multiple antibiotics, making infections difficult to treat. It is known to produce beta-lactamase enzymes, which confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins and cephalosporins. The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has raised significant concerns in the medical community, as these bacteria are resistant to many of the last-resort antibiotics.

Clinical Significance

In clinical settings, Enterobacter cloacae is often isolated from patients with compromised immune systems, such as those undergoing chemotherapy or organ transplantation. It is important for healthcare providers to identify and manage infections caused by this bacterium promptly to prevent complications.

Prevention and Control

Preventing infections caused by Enterobacter cloacae involves strict adherence to infection control practices in healthcare settings. This includes hand hygiene, proper sterilization of medical equipment, and isolation of infected patients when necessary. Monitoring antibiotic use and implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs are also crucial in controlling the spread of resistant strains.

Related pages

• Enterobacteriaceae
• Gram-negative bacteria
• Nosocomial infection
• Antibiotic resistance