Oligodendroglioma: Difference between revisions
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== | {{SI}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Oligodendroglioma | |||
| image = [[File:Oligodendroglioma1_high_mag.jpg|alt=Micrograph of an oligodendroglioma, showing the characteristic "fried egg" appearance.]] | |||
| caption = Micrograph of an oligodendroglioma, showing the characteristic "fried egg" appearance. | |||
| field = [[Neuro-oncology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Seizures]], [[headache]], [[neurological deficit]] | |||
| onset = Typically in [[adulthood]] | |||
| duration = [[Chronic (medicine)|Chronic]] | |||
| causes = [[Genetic mutation]] | |||
| risks = [[Family history]], [[radiation exposure]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[MRI]], [[CT scan]], [[biopsy]] | |||
| differential = [[Astrocytoma]], [[ependymoma]], [[metastatic tumor]] | |||
| treatment = [[Surgery]], [[radiation therapy]], [[chemotherapy]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on [[grade (tumor)|grade]] and [[molecular markers]] | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
Oligodendrogliomas are brain tumors arising from [[oligodendrocytes]], a type of cell that makes up the supportive ([[glial]]) tissue of the brain. | Oligodendrogliomas are brain tumors arising from [[oligodendrocytes]], a type of cell that makes up the supportive ([[glial]]) tissue of the brain. | ||
[[File:Oligodendroglioma 006.jpg|left|thumb]] | |||
[[File:Oligodendroglioma 006.jpg|thumb]] | [[File:Oligodendroglioma 009 006.jpg|left|thumb]] | ||
[[File:Oligodendroglioma 009 006.jpg|thumb]] | [[File:Oligodendroglioma 001.jpg|left|thumb]] | ||
[[File:Oligodendroglioma 001.jpg|thumb]] | |||
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== '''Epidemiology''' == | == '''Epidemiology''' == | ||
In the United States, a rare disease is defined as a condition that affects fewer than 200,000 people. This definition was created by Congress in the Orphan Drug Act of 1983. Other countries have their own official definitions of a rare disease. In Europe, a disease is defined as rare when it affects fewer than 1 in 2,000 people. | In the United States, a rare disease is defined as a condition that affects fewer than 200,000 people. This definition was created by Congress in the Orphan Drug Act of 1983. Other countries have their own official definitions of a rare disease. In Europe, a disease is defined as rare when it affects fewer than 1 in 2,000 people. | ||
== '''Grades''' == | == '''Grades''' == | ||
Primary CNS tumors are graded based on the tumor location, tumor type, extent of tumor spread, genetic findings, the | Primary CNS tumors are graded based on the tumor location, tumor type, extent of tumor spread, genetic findings, the patient’s age, and tumor remaining after surgery, if surgery is possible. | ||
Oligodendrogliomas are grouped in two grades based on their characteristics. | Oligodendrogliomas are grouped in two grades based on their characteristics. | ||
* '''Grade II''' oligodendrogliomas are low grade tumors. This means the tumor cells grow slowly and invade nearby normal tissue. In many cases, they form years before being diagnosed as no symptoms appear. | * '''Grade II''' oligodendrogliomas are low grade tumors. This means the tumor cells grow slowly and invade nearby normal tissue. In many cases, they form years before being diagnosed as no symptoms appear. | ||
* '''Grade III''' oligodendrogliomas are malignant (cancerous). This means they are fast-growing [[tumors]]. They are called [[anaplastic]] oligodendriogliomas. | * '''Grade III''' oligodendrogliomas are malignant (cancerous). This means they are fast-growing [[tumors]]. They are called [[anaplastic]] oligodendriogliomas. | ||
== '''Cause''' == | == '''Cause''' == | ||
* Cancer is a genetic disease – that is, cancer is caused by certain changes to genes that control the way our cells function. | * Cancer is a genetic disease – that is, cancer is caused by certain changes to genes that control the way our cells function. | ||
* Genes may be mutated (changed) in many types of cancer, which can increase the growth and spread of cancer cells. | * Genes may be mutated (changed) in many types of cancer, which can increase the growth and spread of cancer cells. | ||
* The cause of most oligodendrogliomas is not known. | * The cause of most oligodendrogliomas is not known. | ||
* Exposure to [[radiation]] and certain gene changes that can be passed down through families have been linked to a higher chance of developing oligodendrogliomas. | * Exposure to [[radiation]] and certain gene changes that can be passed down through families have been linked to a higher chance of developing oligodendrogliomas. | ||
== '''Signs and symptoms''' == | == '''Signs and symptoms''' == | ||
Symptoms related to oligodendrogliomas depend on the | Symptoms related to oligodendrogliomas depend on the tumor’s location. Here are some possible symptoms that can occur. | ||
Oligodendroglioma Symptoms | Oligodendroglioma Symptoms | ||
The most common sign of an oligodendroglioma is a [[seizure]]. Around 60% of people have a seizure before being diagnosed. | The most common sign of an oligodendroglioma is a [[seizure]]. Around 60% of people have a seizure before being diagnosed. | ||
Other symptoms people may have: | Other symptoms people may have: | ||
* Headaches | * Headaches | ||
| Line 45: | Line 52: | ||
* Numbness | * Numbness | ||
* Problems with balance and movement | * Problems with balance and movement | ||
== '''Diagnosis''' == | == '''Diagnosis''' == | ||
* To get an accurate diagnosis, a piece of tumor tissue will be removed during surgery, if possible. | * To get an accurate diagnosis, a piece of tumor tissue will be removed during surgery, if possible. | ||
* A [[neuropathologist]] should then review the tumor tissue. | * A [[neuropathologist]] should then review the tumor tissue. | ||
== '''Treatment''' == | == '''Treatment''' == | ||
* The first treatment for an oligodendroglioma is surgery, if possible. | * The first treatment for an oligodendroglioma is surgery, if possible. | ||
* The goal of surgery is to obtain tissue to determine the [[tumor]] type and to remove as much tumor as possible without causing more symptoms for the person. Treatments after surgery may include [[radiation]], [[chemotherapy]], or [[clinical trials]]. | * The goal of surgery is to obtain tissue to determine the [[tumor]] type and to remove as much tumor as possible without causing more symptoms for the person. Treatments after surgery may include [[radiation]], [[chemotherapy]], or [[clinical trials]]. | ||
* Clinical trials, with new chemotherapy, [[targeted therapy]], or [[immunotherapy]] drugs, may also be available and can be a possible treatment option. Treatments are decided by the | * Clinical trials, with new chemotherapy, [[targeted therapy]], or [[immunotherapy]] drugs, may also be available and can be a possible treatment option. Treatments are decided by the patient’s healthcare team based on the patient’s age, remaining tumor after surgery, tumor type, and tumor location. | ||
* Your [[oncologist]] might recommend a combination of medications - [[procarbazine]], [[lomustine]], and [[vincristine]]. | * Your [[oncologist]] might recommend a combination of medications - [[procarbazine]], [[lomustine]], and [[vincristine]]. | ||
* A chemotherapy called [[temozolomide]] is also being studied in clinical trials. | * A chemotherapy called [[temozolomide]] is also being studied in clinical trials. | ||
== '''Prognosis''' == | == '''Prognosis''' == | ||
The relative 5-year survival rate for oligodendroglioma is 74.1% but know that many factors can affect prognosis. | The relative 5-year survival rate for oligodendroglioma is 74.1% but know that many factors can affect prognosis. | ||
This includes the tumor grade and type, traits of the cancer, the | This includes the tumor grade and type, traits of the cancer, the person’s age and health when diagnosed, and how they respond to treatment. | ||
{{Nervous tissue tumors}} | {{Nervous tissue tumors}} | ||
[[Category:Brain tumor]] | [[Category:Brain tumor]] | ||
{{rarediseases}} | {{rarediseases}} | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Revision as of 06:15, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics
| Oligodendroglioma | |
|---|---|
| Micrograph of an oligodendroglioma, showing the characteristic "fried egg" appearance. | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Seizures, headache, neurological deficit |
| Complications | N/A |
| Onset | Typically in adulthood |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Genetic mutation |
| Risks | Family history, radiation exposure |
| Diagnosis | MRI, CT scan, biopsy |
| Differential diagnosis | Astrocytoma, ependymoma, metastatic tumor |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on grade and molecular markers |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Oligodendrogliomas are brain tumors arising from oligodendrocytes, a type of cell that makes up the supportive (glial) tissue of the brain.
Epidemiology
In the United States, a rare disease is defined as a condition that affects fewer than 200,000 people. This definition was created by Congress in the Orphan Drug Act of 1983. Other countries have their own official definitions of a rare disease. In Europe, a disease is defined as rare when it affects fewer than 1 in 2,000 people.
Grades
Primary CNS tumors are graded based on the tumor location, tumor type, extent of tumor spread, genetic findings, the patient’s age, and tumor remaining after surgery, if surgery is possible. Oligodendrogliomas are grouped in two grades based on their characteristics.
- Grade II oligodendrogliomas are low grade tumors. This means the tumor cells grow slowly and invade nearby normal tissue. In many cases, they form years before being diagnosed as no symptoms appear.
- Grade III oligodendrogliomas are malignant (cancerous). This means they are fast-growing tumors. They are called anaplastic oligodendriogliomas.
Cause
- Cancer is a genetic disease – that is, cancer is caused by certain changes to genes that control the way our cells function.
- Genes may be mutated (changed) in many types of cancer, which can increase the growth and spread of cancer cells.
- The cause of most oligodendrogliomas is not known.
- Exposure to radiation and certain gene changes that can be passed down through families have been linked to a higher chance of developing oligodendrogliomas.
Signs and symptoms
Symptoms related to oligodendrogliomas depend on the tumor’s location. Here are some possible symptoms that can occur. Oligodendroglioma Symptoms The most common sign of an oligodendroglioma is a seizure. Around 60% of people have a seizure before being diagnosed. Other symptoms people may have:
- Headaches
- Problems with thinking and memory
- Weakness
- Numbness
- Problems with balance and movement
Diagnosis
- To get an accurate diagnosis, a piece of tumor tissue will be removed during surgery, if possible.
- A neuropathologist should then review the tumor tissue.
Treatment
- The first treatment for an oligodendroglioma is surgery, if possible.
- The goal of surgery is to obtain tissue to determine the tumor type and to remove as much tumor as possible without causing more symptoms for the person. Treatments after surgery may include radiation, chemotherapy, or clinical trials.
- Clinical trials, with new chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy drugs, may also be available and can be a possible treatment option. Treatments are decided by the patient’s healthcare team based on the patient’s age, remaining tumor after surgery, tumor type, and tumor location.
- Your oncologist might recommend a combination of medications - procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine.
- A chemotherapy called temozolomide is also being studied in clinical trials.
Prognosis
The relative 5-year survival rate for oligodendroglioma is 74.1% but know that many factors can affect prognosis. This includes the tumor grade and type, traits of the cancer, the person’s age and health when diagnosed, and how they respond to treatment.
| Tumours of the nervous system | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Note: Not all brain tumors are of nervous tissue, and not all nervous tissue tumors are in the brain (see brain metastasis).
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NIH genetic and rare disease info
Oligodendroglioma is a rare disease.
| Rare and genetic diseases | ||||||
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Rare diseases - Oligodendroglioma
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