Hyperlipidemia: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Hyperlipidemia | |||
| image = [[File:Hyperlipidaemia_-_lipid_in_EDTA_tube.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Blood sample showing lipemia (milky appearance due to high lipid content) | |||
| field = [[Endocrinology]] | |||
| synonyms = Hyperlipoproteinemia, hyperlipidaemia | |||
| symptoms = Often none; may include [[xanthomas]], [[pancreatitis]], [[atherosclerosis]] | |||
| complications = [[Cardiovascular disease]], [[stroke]], [[peripheral artery disease]] | |||
| onset = Varies, often diagnosed in adulthood | |||
| duration = Long-term | |||
| causes = [[Genetics]], [[diet]], [[lifestyle]], [[medications]] | |||
| risks = [[Obesity]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[hypothyroidism]], [[alcohol use disorder]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Blood test]] measuring [[cholesterol]] and [[triglycerides]] | |||
| differential = [[Hypothyroidism]], [[nephrotic syndrome]], [[cholestasis]] | |||
| prevention = [[Healthy diet]], [[exercise]], [[weight management]] | |||
| treatment = [[Lifestyle changes]], [[statins]], [[fibrates]], [[niacin]], [[omega-3 fatty acids]] | |||
| medication = [[Statins]], [[fibrates]], [[niacin]] | |||
| frequency = Common | |||
| deaths = | |||
}} | |||
[[Hyperlipidemia]] refers to a group of conditions characterized by unusually high levels of lipids, or fats, in the blood. These disorders can significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as [[coronary artery disease]] and [[stroke]]. One of the most common forms of hyperlipidemia is hypercholesterolemia, a condition where there is an excess of cholesterol in the bloodstream. | [[Hyperlipidemia]] refers to a group of conditions characterized by unusually high levels of lipids, or fats, in the blood. These disorders can significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as [[coronary artery disease]] and [[stroke]]. One of the most common forms of hyperlipidemia is hypercholesterolemia, a condition where there is an excess of cholesterol in the bloodstream. | ||
== Classification == | == Classification == | ||
Hyperlipidemias can be classified into two broad categories: primary and secondary. | Hyperlipidemias can be classified into two broad categories: primary and secondary. | ||
* '''Primary hyperlipidemia''' is generally caused by genetic factors, leading to elevated lipid levels from birth. Specific genetic disorders, such as [[familial hypercholesterolemia]], fall under this category. | * '''Primary hyperlipidemia''' is generally caused by genetic factors, leading to elevated lipid levels from birth. Specific genetic disorders, such as [[familial hypercholesterolemia]], fall under this category. | ||
* '''Secondary hyperlipidemia''' is often the result of lifestyle factors or certain medical conditions, including poor diet, lack of exercise, obesity, diabetes, and hypothyroidism. | * '''Secondary hyperlipidemia''' is often the result of lifestyle factors or certain medical conditions, including poor diet, lack of exercise, obesity, diabetes, and hypothyroidism. | ||
[[File:Depiction of a person suffering from high cholesterol.png|thumb|Depiction of a person suffering from high cholesterol]] | [[File:Depiction of a person suffering from high cholesterol.png|left|thumb|Depiction of a person suffering from high cholesterol]] | ||
== Clinical Presentation == | == Clinical Presentation == | ||
While hyperlipidemia often doesn't cause symptoms in the early stages, the long-term effects of elevated lipid levels can lead to visible and detrimental health conditions. These can include: | While hyperlipidemia often doesn't cause symptoms in the early stages, the long-term effects of elevated lipid levels can lead to visible and detrimental health conditions. These can include: | ||
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* [[Coronary artery disease]]: This condition is often a result of high cholesterol levels that lead to the formation of plaques in the arteries. | * [[Coronary artery disease]]: This condition is often a result of high cholesterol levels that lead to the formation of plaques in the arteries. | ||
* [[Pancreatitis]]: Extremely high levels of triglycerides can cause inflammation of the pancreas. | * [[Pancreatitis]]: Extremely high levels of triglycerides can cause inflammation of the pancreas. | ||
[[File:Even if you're feeling like Superman, you need to know your cholesterol number (4647887982).jpg|thumb|Even if you're feeling like Superman, you need to know your cholesterol number (4647887982)]] | [[File:Even if you're feeling like Superman, you need to know your cholesterol number (4647887982).jpg|left|thumb|Even if you're feeling like Superman, you need to know your cholesterol number (4647887982)]] | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
The diagnosis of hyperlipidemia typically involves blood tests to measure the levels of various lipids, including [[low-density lipoprotein]] (LDL), [[high-density lipoprotein]] (HDL), and [[triglycerides]]. A comprehensive lipid profile is usually conducted after a 9 to 12-hour fast to ensure accurate results. | The diagnosis of hyperlipidemia typically involves blood tests to measure the levels of various lipids, including [[low-density lipoprotein]] (LDL), [[high-density lipoprotein]] (HDL), and [[triglycerides]]. A comprehensive lipid profile is usually conducted after a 9 to 12-hour fast to ensure accurate results. | ||
== Management and Treatment == | == Management and Treatment == | ||
Management of hyperlipidemia often involves lifestyle modifications, such as adopting a diet low in saturated fats and cholesterol, regular physical exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and quitting smoking. In addition to these changes, pharmacological therapy may be necessary. This can include the use of medications like [[statins]], [[fibrates]], or [[niacin]]. | Management of hyperlipidemia often involves lifestyle modifications, such as adopting a diet low in saturated fats and cholesterol, regular physical exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and quitting smoking. In addition to these changes, pharmacological therapy may be necessary. This can include the use of medications like [[statins]], [[fibrates]], or [[niacin]]. | ||
== Epidemiology == | == Epidemiology == | ||
Hyperlipidemia is a common condition, affecting a significant proportion of the adult population worldwide. The prevalence varies depending on the specific type of hyperlipidemia and the population studied. | Hyperlipidemia is a common condition, affecting a significant proportion of the adult population worldwide. The prevalence varies depending on the specific type of hyperlipidemia and the population studied. | ||
== See Also == | == See Also == | ||
* [[Dyslipidemia]] | * [[Dyslipidemia]] | ||
* [[Atherosclerosis]] | * [[Atherosclerosis]] | ||
* [[Cardiovascular disease]] | * [[Cardiovascular disease]] | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
Latest revision as of 04:27, 7 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics
| Hyperlipidemia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Hyperlipoproteinemia, hyperlipidaemia |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Often none; may include xanthomas, pancreatitis, atherosclerosis |
| Complications | Cardiovascular disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease |
| Onset | Varies, often diagnosed in adulthood |
| Duration | Long-term |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Genetics, diet, lifestyle, medications |
| Risks | Obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, alcohol use disorder |
| Diagnosis | Blood test measuring cholesterol and triglycerides |
| Differential diagnosis | Hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, cholestasis |
| Prevention | Healthy diet, exercise, weight management |
| Treatment | Lifestyle changes, statins, fibrates, niacin, omega-3 fatty acids |
| Medication | Statins, fibrates, niacin |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | Common |
| Deaths | |
Hyperlipidemia refers to a group of conditions characterized by unusually high levels of lipids, or fats, in the blood. These disorders can significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease and stroke. One of the most common forms of hyperlipidemia is hypercholesterolemia, a condition where there is an excess of cholesterol in the bloodstream.
Classification[edit]
Hyperlipidemias can be classified into two broad categories: primary and secondary.
- Primary hyperlipidemia is generally caused by genetic factors, leading to elevated lipid levels from birth. Specific genetic disorders, such as familial hypercholesterolemia, fall under this category.
- Secondary hyperlipidemia is often the result of lifestyle factors or certain medical conditions, including poor diet, lack of exercise, obesity, diabetes, and hypothyroidism.
Clinical Presentation[edit]
While hyperlipidemia often doesn't cause symptoms in the early stages, the long-term effects of elevated lipid levels can lead to visible and detrimental health conditions. These can include:
- Xanthomas: These are fatty deposits that form under the skin, particularly around the eyes, joints, or tendons.
- Coronary artery disease: This condition is often a result of high cholesterol levels that lead to the formation of plaques in the arteries.
- Pancreatitis: Extremely high levels of triglycerides can cause inflammation of the pancreas.
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Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of hyperlipidemia typically involves blood tests to measure the levels of various lipids, including low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides. A comprehensive lipid profile is usually conducted after a 9 to 12-hour fast to ensure accurate results.
Management and Treatment[edit]
Management of hyperlipidemia often involves lifestyle modifications, such as adopting a diet low in saturated fats and cholesterol, regular physical exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and quitting smoking. In addition to these changes, pharmacological therapy may be necessary. This can include the use of medications like statins, fibrates, or niacin.
Epidemiology[edit]
Hyperlipidemia is a common condition, affecting a significant proportion of the adult population worldwide. The prevalence varies depending on the specific type of hyperlipidemia and the population studied.
See Also[edit]
References[edit]
<references/>
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| Inborn error of lipid metabolism: dyslipidemia (E78, 272.0–272.6) | ||||||||
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