Oligospermia: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
[[File:Spermatogenesis_pathologies.png| | | name = Oligospermia | ||
| image = [[File:Spermatogenesis_pathologies.png|250px]] | |||
| caption = Diagram showing spermatogenesis pathologies | |||
| field = [[Andrology]] | |||
| synonyms = Low sperm count | |||
| symptoms = [[Infertility]], difficulty conceiving | |||
| complications = [[Infertility]], [[psychological stress]] | |||
| onset = Reproductive age | |||
| duration = Varies | |||
| causes = [[Genetic factors]], [[hormonal imbalances]], [[lifestyle factors]], [[environmental factors]] | |||
| risks = [[Smoking]], [[alcohol consumption]], [[obesity]], [[exposure to toxins]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Semen analysis]] | |||
| differential = [[Azoospermia]], [[Asthenozoospermia]], [[Teratozoospermia]] | |||
| prevention = Healthy lifestyle, avoiding toxins | |||
| treatment = [[Hormonal therapy]], [[surgery]], [[assisted reproductive technology]] | |||
| medication = [[Clomiphene citrate]], [[gonadotropins]] | |||
| prognosis = Varies depending on cause and treatment | |||
| frequency = Affects approximately 1 in 20 men | |||
}} | |||
'''Oligospermia''', also known as '''oligozoospermia''', is a male fertility issue characterized by a low sperm count in the ejaculate. It is one of the common causes of male infertility and can be influenced by various factors, including lifestyle, environmental, and genetic factors. | '''Oligospermia''', also known as '''oligozoospermia''', is a male fertility issue characterized by a low sperm count in the ejaculate. It is one of the common causes of male infertility and can be influenced by various factors, including lifestyle, environmental, and genetic factors. | ||
== Definition == | == Definition == | ||
Oligospermia is defined by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) as a sperm concentration lower than 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen. This condition can be further classified into mild, moderate, and severe oligospermia based on the concentration of sperm present. | Oligospermia is defined by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) as a sperm concentration lower than 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen. This condition can be further classified into mild, moderate, and severe oligospermia based on the concentration of sperm present. | ||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
The causes of oligospermia can be broadly categorized into pre-testicular, testicular, and post-testicular factors: | The causes of oligospermia can be broadly categorized into pre-testicular, testicular, and post-testicular factors: | ||
=== Pre-testicular Causes === | === Pre-testicular Causes === | ||
Pre-testicular causes are related to hormonal imbalances or systemic conditions that affect sperm production. These include: | Pre-testicular causes are related to hormonal imbalances or systemic conditions that affect sperm production. These include: | ||
* [[Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism]] | * [[Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism]] | ||
* [[Hyperprolactinemia]] | * [[Hyperprolactinemia]] | ||
* [[Hypothyroidism]] | * [[Hypothyroidism]] | ||
* [[Obesity]] | * [[Obesity]] | ||
=== Testicular Causes === | === Testicular Causes === | ||
Testicular causes are directly related to the testes and include: | Testicular causes are directly related to the testes and include: | ||
* [[Varicocele]] | * [[Varicocele]] | ||
* [[Cryptorchidism]] | * [[Cryptorchidism]] | ||
* [[Testicular cancer]] | * [[Testicular cancer]] | ||
* Genetic disorders such as [[Klinefelter syndrome]] | * Genetic disorders such as [[Klinefelter syndrome]] | ||
=== Post-testicular Causes === | === Post-testicular Causes === | ||
Post-testicular causes involve issues with sperm transport and include: | Post-testicular causes involve issues with sperm transport and include: | ||
* [[Ejaculatory duct obstruction]] | * [[Ejaculatory duct obstruction]] | ||
* [[Retrograde ejaculation]] | * [[Retrograde ejaculation]] | ||
* [[Cystic fibrosis]] | * [[Cystic fibrosis]] | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
The diagnosis of oligospermia typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and semen analysis. A semen analysis will assess sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. Additional tests may include hormonal evaluations and genetic testing. | The diagnosis of oligospermia typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and semen analysis. A semen analysis will assess sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. Additional tests may include hormonal evaluations and genetic testing. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment for oligospermia depends on the underlying cause. Options may include: | Treatment for oligospermia depends on the underlying cause. Options may include: | ||
* Lifestyle modifications such as weight loss and smoking cessation | * Lifestyle modifications such as weight loss and smoking cessation | ||
* Medical treatments like hormone therapy | * Medical treatments like hormone therapy | ||
* Surgical interventions for conditions like varicocele | * Surgical interventions for conditions like varicocele | ||
* Assisted reproductive technologies such as [[in vitro fertilization]] (IVF) or [[intracytoplasmic sperm injection]] (ICSI) | * Assisted reproductive technologies such as [[in vitro fertilization]] (IVF) or [[intracytoplasmic sperm injection]] (ICSI) | ||
== Prognosis == | == Prognosis == | ||
The prognosis for men with oligospermia varies depending on the severity of the condition and the underlying cause. Many men with oligospermia can achieve pregnancy with appropriate treatment and interventions. | The prognosis for men with oligospermia varies depending on the severity of the condition and the underlying cause. Many men with oligospermia can achieve pregnancy with appropriate treatment and interventions. | ||
== See Also == | |||
== | |||
* [[Male infertility]] | * [[Male infertility]] | ||
* [[Spermatogenesis]] | * [[Spermatogenesis]] | ||
* [[Semen analysis]] | * [[Semen analysis]] | ||
* [[Assisted reproductive technology]] | * [[Assisted reproductive technology]] | ||
[[Category:Reproductive system disorders]] | [[Category:Reproductive system disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Male infertility]] | [[Category:Male infertility]] | ||
Latest revision as of 05:24, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Oligospermia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Low sperm count |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Infertility, difficulty conceiving |
| Complications | Infertility, psychological stress |
| Onset | Reproductive age |
| Duration | Varies |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Genetic factors, hormonal imbalances, lifestyle factors, environmental factors |
| Risks | Smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, exposure to toxins |
| Diagnosis | Semen analysis |
| Differential diagnosis | Azoospermia, Asthenozoospermia, Teratozoospermia |
| Prevention | Healthy lifestyle, avoiding toxins |
| Treatment | Hormonal therapy, surgery, assisted reproductive technology |
| Medication | Clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins |
| Prognosis | Varies depending on cause and treatment |
| Frequency | Affects approximately 1 in 20 men |
| Deaths | N/A |
Oligospermia, also known as oligozoospermia, is a male fertility issue characterized by a low sperm count in the ejaculate. It is one of the common causes of male infertility and can be influenced by various factors, including lifestyle, environmental, and genetic factors.
Definition[edit]
Oligospermia is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a sperm concentration lower than 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen. This condition can be further classified into mild, moderate, and severe oligospermia based on the concentration of sperm present.
Causes[edit]
The causes of oligospermia can be broadly categorized into pre-testicular, testicular, and post-testicular factors:
Pre-testicular Causes[edit]
Pre-testicular causes are related to hormonal imbalances or systemic conditions that affect sperm production. These include:
Testicular Causes[edit]
Testicular causes are directly related to the testes and include:
- Varicocele
- Cryptorchidism
- Testicular cancer
- Genetic disorders such as Klinefelter syndrome
Post-testicular Causes[edit]
Post-testicular causes involve issues with sperm transport and include:
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of oligospermia typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and semen analysis. A semen analysis will assess sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. Additional tests may include hormonal evaluations and genetic testing.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for oligospermia depends on the underlying cause. Options may include:
- Lifestyle modifications such as weight loss and smoking cessation
- Medical treatments like hormone therapy
- Surgical interventions for conditions like varicocele
- Assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for men with oligospermia varies depending on the severity of the condition and the underlying cause. Many men with oligospermia can achieve pregnancy with appropriate treatment and interventions.
