Atrial septal defect: Difference between revisions
From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia
No edit summary Tag: visualeditor-wikitext |
CSV import Tags: mobile edit mobile web edit |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{SI}} | |||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Atrial septal defect | |||
| image = [[File:Asd-web.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Diagram of an atrial septal defect | |||
| field = [[Cardiology]] | |||
| synonyms = ASD | |||
| symptoms = [[Shortness of breath]], [[fatigue]], [[heart palpitations]], [[stroke]] | |||
| complications = [[Heart failure]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[atrial fibrillation]] | |||
| onset = Congenital (present at birth) | |||
| duration = Lifelong unless treated | |||
| causes = [[Congenital heart defect]] | |||
| risks = [[Genetic disorders]], [[family history]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Echocardiogram]], [[chest X-ray]], [[electrocardiogram]] | |||
| differential = [[Ventricular septal defect]], [[patent foramen ovale]] | |||
| treatment = [[Surgical repair]], [[catheter-based intervention]] | |||
| medication = [[Diuretics]], [[beta blockers]], [[anticoagulants]] | |||
| prognosis = Good with treatment | |||
| frequency = 1 in 1,500 live births | |||
| deaths = Rare with treatment | |||
}} | |||
Atrial septal defect is a hole located in the wall between the two upper chambers called [[atria]] of the [[heart]]. | Atrial septal defect is a hole located in the wall between the two upper chambers called [[atria]] of the [[heart]]. | ||
[[File:Atrial septal defect-en.png|alt=Atrial septal defect|thumb|Atrial septal defect]] | [[File:Atrial septal defect-en.png|alt=Atrial septal defect|left|thumb|Atrial septal defect]] | ||
== Pronunciation == | == Pronunciation == | ||
It is pronounced EY-tree-uhl SEP-tuhl DEE-fekt | It is pronounced EY-tree-uhl SEP-tuhl DEE-fekt | ||
=== What is Atrial Septal Defect? === | === What is Atrial Septal Defect? === | ||
* An atrial septal defect is a birth defect of the heart in which there is a hole in the wall (septum) that divides the upper chambers (atria) of the heart. | * An atrial septal defect is a birth defect of the heart in which there is a hole in the wall (septum) that divides the upper chambers (atria) of the heart. | ||
* A hole can vary in size and may close on its own or may require surgery. | * A hole can vary in size and may close on its own or may require surgery. | ||
[[File:Atrial septal defect.jpg|alt=Atrial septal defect|thumb|Atrial septal defect]] | [[File:Atrial septal defect.jpg|alt=Atrial septal defect|left|thumb|Atrial septal defect]] | ||
== Embryology == | == Embryology == | ||
As a | As a baby’s heart develops during pregnancy, there are normally several openings in the wall dividing the upper chambers of the heart (atria). These usually close during pregnancy or shortly after birth. | ||
* If one of these openings does not close, a hole is left, and it is called an atrial septal defect. | * If one of these openings does not close, a hole is left, and it is called an atrial septal defect. | ||
* The hole increases the amount of blood that flows through the lungs and over time, it may cause damage to the blood vessels in the lungs. | * The hole increases the amount of blood that flows through the lungs and over time, it may cause damage to the blood vessels in the lungs. | ||
* Damage to the blood vessels in the lungs may cause problems in adulthood, such as high blood pressure in the lungs and heart failure. | * Damage to the blood vessels in the lungs may cause problems in adulthood, such as high blood pressure in the lungs and heart failure. | ||
* Other problems may include abnormal heartbeat, and increased risk of stroke. | * Other problems may include abnormal heartbeat, and increased risk of stroke. | ||
<youtube> | <youtube> | ||
title='''{{PAGENAME}}''' | title='''{{PAGENAME}}''' | ||
| Line 26: | Line 44: | ||
height=600 | height=600 | ||
</youtube> | </youtube> | ||
=== Incidence in the United States === | === Incidence in the United States === | ||
One in 1 in every 1,859 babies born in the United States each year are born with Atrial Septal Defect. | One in 1 in every 1,859 babies born in the United States each year are born with Atrial Septal Defect. | ||
=== Causes and Risk Factors === | === Causes and Risk Factors === | ||
* The causes of heart defects such as atrial septal defect among most babies are unknown. | * The causes of heart defects such as atrial septal defect among most babies are unknown. | ||
* Some babies have heart defects because of changes in their ''genes'' or ''chromosomes''. | * Some babies have heart defects because of changes in their ''genes'' or ''chromosomes''. | ||
* These types of heart defects also are thought to be caused by a combination of genes and other risk factors, such as things the mother comes in contact with in the environment or what the mother eats or drinks or the medicines the mother uses. | * These types of heart defects also are thought to be caused by a combination of genes and other risk factors, such as things the mother comes in contact with in the environment or what the mother eats or drinks or the medicines the mother uses. | ||
=== Diagnosis === | === Diagnosis === | ||
* An atrial septal defect may be diagnosed during pregnancy or after the baby is born. | * An atrial septal defect may be diagnosed during pregnancy or after the baby is born. | ||
* In many cases, it may not be diagnosed until adulthood. | * In many cases, it may not be diagnosed until adulthood. | ||
===== During Pregnancy ===== | ===== During Pregnancy ===== | ||
* During pregnancy, there are screening tests (prenatal tests) to check for birth defects and other conditions. | * During pregnancy, there are screening tests (prenatal tests) to check for birth defects and other conditions. | ||
* An atrial septal defect might be seen during an ultrasound (which creates pictures of the body), but it depends on the size of the hole and its location. | * An atrial septal defect might be seen during an ultrasound (which creates pictures of the body), but it depends on the size of the hole and its location. | ||
* If an atrial septal defect is suspected, a specialist will need to confirm the diagnosis. | * If an atrial septal defect is suspected, a specialist will need to confirm the diagnosis. | ||
[[File:Echokardiogram von Atriumseptumdefekt (Ostium secundum).jpg|alt=Ostium secundum|thumb|Ostium secundum]] | [[File:Echokardiogram von Atriumseptumdefekt (Ostium secundum).jpg|alt=Ostium secundum|left|thumb|Ostium secundum]] | ||
===== After the Baby is Born ===== | ===== After the Baby is Born ===== | ||
An atrial septal defect is present at birth, but many babies do not have any signs or symptoms. Signs and symptoms of a large or untreated atrial septal defect may include the following: | An atrial septal defect is present at birth, but many babies do not have any signs or symptoms. Signs and symptoms of a large or untreated atrial septal defect may include the following: | ||
* Frequent respiratory or lung infections | * Frequent respiratory or lung infections | ||
* Difficulty breathing | * Difficulty breathing | ||
| Line 55: | Line 68: | ||
* Swelling of legs, feet, or stomach area | * Swelling of legs, feet, or stomach area | ||
* Stroke | * Stroke | ||
[[File:ASD (Atrial Septal Defect) repair.png|alt=ASD repair with Pericardial patch|thumb|ASD repair with Pericardial patch]] | [[File:ASD (Atrial Septal Defect) repair.png|alt=ASD repair with Pericardial patch|left|thumb|ASD repair with Pericardial patch]] | ||
== Tests == | == Tests == | ||
* It is possible that an atrial septal defect might not be diagnosed until adulthood. | * It is possible that an atrial septal defect might not be diagnosed until adulthood. | ||
* One of the most common ways an atrial septal defect is found is by detecting a murmur when listening to a | * One of the most common ways an atrial septal defect is found is by detecting a murmur when listening to a person’s heart with a stethoscope. | ||
* The most common test is an ''echocardiogram'' | * The most common test is an ''echocardiogram''  which is an ultrasound of the heart. | ||
=== Treatments === | === Treatments === | ||
Treatment for an atrial septal defect depends on the age of diagnosis, the number of or seriousness of symptoms, size of the hole, and presence of other conditions. Sometimes surgery is needed to repair the hole. Sometimes medications are prescribed to help treat symptoms. There are no known medications that can repair the hole. | Treatment for an atrial septal defect depends on the age of diagnosis, the number of or seriousness of symptoms, size of the hole, and presence of other conditions. Sometimes surgery is needed to repair the hole. Sometimes medications are prescribed to help treat symptoms. There are no known medications that can repair the hole. | ||
A health care provider may recommend the atrial septal defect be closed for a child with a large atrial septal defect, even if there are few symptoms, to prevent problems later in life. Closure may also be recommended for an adult who has many or severe symptoms. | A health care provider may recommend the atrial septal defect be closed for a child with a large atrial septal defect, even if there are few symptoms, to prevent problems later in life. Closure may also be recommended for an adult who has many or severe symptoms. | ||
Closure of the hole may be done during ''cardiac catheterization'' or ''open-heart surgery''. | Closure of the hole may be done during ''cardiac catheterization'' or ''open-heart surgery''. | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
{{Congenital heart defects}} | {{Congenital heart defects}} | ||
[[Category:Congenital heart defects]] | [[Category:Congenital heart defects]] | ||
Latest revision as of 17:04, 4 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Atrial septal defect | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | ASD |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Shortness of breath, fatigue, heart palpitations, stroke |
| Complications | Heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, atrial fibrillation |
| Onset | Congenital (present at birth) |
| Duration | Lifelong unless treated |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Congenital heart defect |
| Risks | Genetic disorders, family history |
| Diagnosis | Echocardiogram, chest X-ray, electrocardiogram |
| Differential diagnosis | Ventricular septal defect, patent foramen ovale |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Surgical repair, catheter-based intervention |
| Medication | Diuretics, beta blockers, anticoagulants |
| Prognosis | Good with treatment |
| Frequency | 1 in 1,500 live births |
| Deaths | Rare with treatment |
Atrial septal defect is a hole located in the wall between the two upper chambers called atria of the heart.
Pronunciation[edit]
It is pronounced EY-tree-uhl SEP-tuhl DEE-fekt
What is Atrial Septal Defect?[edit]
- An atrial septal defect is a birth defect of the heart in which there is a hole in the wall (septum) that divides the upper chambers (atria) of the heart.
- A hole can vary in size and may close on its own or may require surgery.
Embryology[edit]
As a baby’s heart develops during pregnancy, there are normally several openings in the wall dividing the upper chambers of the heart (atria). These usually close during pregnancy or shortly after birth.
- If one of these openings does not close, a hole is left, and it is called an atrial septal defect.
- The hole increases the amount of blood that flows through the lungs and over time, it may cause damage to the blood vessels in the lungs.
- Damage to the blood vessels in the lungs may cause problems in adulthood, such as high blood pressure in the lungs and heart failure.
- Other problems may include abnormal heartbeat, and increased risk of stroke.
Incidence in the United States[edit]
One in 1 in every 1,859 babies born in the United States each year are born with Atrial Septal Defect.
Causes and Risk Factors[edit]
- The causes of heart defects such as atrial septal defect among most babies are unknown.
- Some babies have heart defects because of changes in their genes or chromosomes.
- These types of heart defects also are thought to be caused by a combination of genes and other risk factors, such as things the mother comes in contact with in the environment or what the mother eats or drinks or the medicines the mother uses.
Diagnosis[edit]
- An atrial septal defect may be diagnosed during pregnancy or after the baby is born.
- In many cases, it may not be diagnosed until adulthood.
During Pregnancy[edit]
- During pregnancy, there are screening tests (prenatal tests) to check for birth defects and other conditions.
- An atrial septal defect might be seen during an ultrasound (which creates pictures of the body), but it depends on the size of the hole and its location.
- If an atrial septal defect is suspected, a specialist will need to confirm the diagnosis.
.jpg)
After the Baby is Born[edit]
An atrial septal defect is present at birth, but many babies do not have any signs or symptoms. Signs and symptoms of a large or untreated atrial septal defect may include the following:
- Frequent respiratory or lung infections
- Difficulty breathing
- Tiring when feeding (infants)
- Shortness of breath when being active or exercising
- Skipped heartbeats or a sense of feeling the heartbeat
- A heart murmur, or a whooshing sound that can be heard with a stethoscope
- Swelling of legs, feet, or stomach area
- Stroke
_repair.png)
Tests[edit]
- It is possible that an atrial septal defect might not be diagnosed until adulthood.
- One of the most common ways an atrial septal defect is found is by detecting a murmur when listening to a person’s heart with a stethoscope.
- The most common test is an echocardiogram  which is an ultrasound of the heart.
Treatments[edit]
Treatment for an atrial septal defect depends on the age of diagnosis, the number of or seriousness of symptoms, size of the hole, and presence of other conditions. Sometimes surgery is needed to repair the hole. Sometimes medications are prescribed to help treat symptoms. There are no known medications that can repair the hole. A health care provider may recommend the atrial septal defect be closed for a child with a large atrial septal defect, even if there are few symptoms, to prevent problems later in life. Closure may also be recommended for an adult who has many or severe symptoms. Closure of the hole may be done during cardiac catheterization or open-heart surgery.
 | |
|---|---|
 |
 |
| Congenital heart defects | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
