Arno: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 18:19, 11 February 2025

Part of the human skeleton that includes the limbs and girdles

The appendicular skeleton is a major division of the human skeleton that includes the bones of the limbs and the supporting girdles. It is essential for movement and interaction with the environment, providing attachment points for muscles and facilitating locomotion.

Structure

The appendicular skeleton is composed of 126 bones and is divided into two main regions: the upper and lower limbs, along with their respective girdles.

Upper Limb

The upper limb consists of the following components:

Pectoral girdle: Comprising the clavicle and scapula, the pectoral girdle connects the upper limb to the trunk and provides attachment points for muscles.
Arm: The arm contains the humerus, which is the single bone of the upper arm.
Forearm: The forearm consists of two bones, the radius and ulna, which allow for the rotation of the wrist.
Hand: The hand is made up of the carpal bones (wrist), metacarpal bones (palm), and phalanges (fingers).

Lower Limb

The lower limb includes the following components:

Pelvic girdle: Formed by the hip bones, the pelvic girdle connects the lower limb to the axial skeleton and supports the weight of the upper body.
Thigh: The thigh contains the femur, the longest and strongest bone in the body.
Leg: The leg is composed of the tibia and fibula, which support the body's weight and allow for movement.
Foot: The foot includes the tarsal bones (ankle), metatarsal bones (midfoot), and phalanges (toes).

Function

The appendicular skeleton serves several critical functions:

Movement: It provides the framework for muscle attachment, enabling movement and locomotion.
Support: It supports the weight of the body, particularly in the lower limbs.
Protection: It protects vital organs, such as the pelvis protecting the reproductive organs.
Storage: It stores minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus, which are essential for various bodily functions.

Development

The appendicular skeleton develops from the mesoderm during embryonic development. The process involves the formation of cartilage models, which are gradually replaced by bone through endochondral ossification.

Clinical Significance

Disorders of the appendicular skeleton can significantly impact mobility and quality of life. Common conditions include:

Fractures: Breaks in the bones due to trauma or stress.
Arthritis: Inflammation of the joints, leading to pain and stiffness.
Osteoporosis: A condition characterized by decreased bone density, increasing the risk of fractures.

Related pages

Gallery

Diagram of the appendicular skeleton

Diagram of the appendicular skeleton

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-Arno
+{{short description|Part of the human skeleton that includes the limbs and girdles}}
+{{Human anatomy}}
-Arno is a river in Tuscany, Italy, with a length of approximately 241 kilometers. It is one of the most important rivers in the region and has played a significant role in the history, culture, and economy of the area.
+The '''appendicular skeleton''' is a major division of the human [[skeleton]] that includes the bones of the limbs and the supporting [[girdle]]s. It is essential for movement and interaction with the environment, providing attachment points for muscles and facilitating locomotion.
-==Geography==
+==Structure==
-The Arno River originates from Mount Falterona in the Apennine Mountains and flows through the cities of Arezzo, Florence, and Pisa before emptying into the Tyrrhenian Sea near the town of Marina di Pisa. Its watershed covers an area of about 8,220 square kilometers, making it the largest river basin in Tuscany.
+The appendicular skeleton is composed of 126 bones and is divided into two main regions: the upper and lower limbs, along with their respective girdles.
-==History==
+===Upper Limb===
-The Arno River has been a vital waterway for centuries, serving as a means of transportation and trade. It played a crucial role in the development of Florence as a major economic and cultural center during the Renaissance. The city's strategic location along the river allowed it to flourish as a hub for commerce and art.
+The upper limb consists of the following components:
-==Culture and Tourism==
+* '''[[Pectoral girdle]]''': Comprising the [[clavicle]] and [[scapula]], the pectoral girdle connects the upper limb to the trunk and provides attachment points for muscles.
-The Arno River is not only significant from a historical and economic perspective but also holds great cultural and touristic value. The riverbanks are lined with picturesque buildings, bridges, and promenades, offering stunning views of the surrounding landscapes. The most famous bridge crossing the Arno is the Ponte Vecchio in Florence, known for its unique shops built along its sides.
+* '''[[Arm]]''': The arm contains the [[humerus]], which is the single bone of the upper arm.
+* '''[[Forearm]]''': The forearm consists of two bones, the [[radius]] and [[ulna]], which allow for the rotation of the wrist.
+* '''[[Hand]]''': The hand is made up of the [[carpal bones]] (wrist), [[metacarpal bones]] (palm), and [[phalanges]] (fingers).
-==Environmental Concerns==
+===Lower Limb===
-Despite its importance, the Arno River faces several environmental challenges. Pollution from industrial and agricultural activities, as well as urbanization, has had a negative impact on the water quality. Efforts are being made to address these issues and restore the river's ecosystem.
+The lower limb includes the following components:
-==See Also==
+* '''[[Pelvic girdle]]''': Formed by the [[hip bones]], the pelvic girdle connects the lower limb to the axial skeleton and supports the weight of the upper body.
-* [[Florence]]
+* '''[[Thigh]]''': The thigh contains the [[femur]], the longest and strongest bone in the body.
-* [[Pisa]]
+* '''[[Leg]]''': The leg is composed of the [[tibia]] and [[fibula]], which support the body's weight and allow for movement.
-* [[Tuscany]]
+* '''[[Foot]]''': The foot includes the [[tarsal bones]] (ankle), [[metatarsal bones]] (midfoot), and [[phalanges]] (toes).
-==References==
+==Function==
-<references>
+The appendicular skeleton serves several critical functions:
-==External Links==
+* '''Movement''': It provides the framework for muscle attachment, enabling movement and locomotion.
-* [https://www.arno.org Official Arno River Website]
+* '''Support''': It supports the weight of the body, particularly in the lower limbs.
-* [https://www.tuscanytourism.info/arno-river/ Arno River - Tuscany Tourism]
+* '''Protection''': It protects vital organs, such as the [[pelvis]] protecting the [[reproductive organs]].
+* '''Storage''': It stores minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus, which are essential for various bodily functions.
-[[Category:Rivers in Italy]]
+==Development==
-[[Category:Tuscany]]
+The appendicular skeleton develops from the [[mesoderm]] during embryonic development. The process involves the formation of [[cartilage]] models, which are gradually replaced by bone through [[endochondral ossification]].
-[[Category:Geography]]
-[[Category:Tourism]]
+==Clinical Significance==
-[[Category:Environment]]
+Disorders of the appendicular skeleton can significantly impact mobility and quality of life. Common conditions include:
+* '''[[Fracture]]s''': Breaks in the bones due to trauma or stress.
+* '''[[Arthritis]]''': Inflammation of the joints, leading to pain and stiffness.
+* '''[[Osteoporosis]]''': A condition characterized by decreased bone density, increasing the risk of fractures.
+==Related pages==
+* [[Axial skeleton]]
+* [[Human skeleton]]
+* [[Bone]]
+* [[Joint]]
+==Gallery==
+<gallery>
+File:Appendicular_skeleton_diagram.svg|Diagram of the appendicular skeleton
+</gallery>
+[[Category:Human anatomy]]
+[[Category:Skeletal system]]