Dyslipidemia: Difference between revisions
From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Dyslipidemia | |||
| image = [[File:Hyperlipidaemia_-_lipid_in_EDTA_tube.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Blood sample showing lipids in an EDTA tube | |||
| field = [[Endocrinology]] | |||
| synonyms = Hyperlipidemia, hyperlipoproteinemia | |||
| symptoms = Often none, but can include [[xanthomas]], [[atherosclerosis]] | |||
| complications = [[Cardiovascular disease]], [[pancreatitis]] | |||
| onset = Varies | |||
| duration = Long-term | |||
| causes = Genetic factors, [[diet]], [[lifestyle]], other medical conditions | |||
| risks = [[Obesity]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[smoking]], [[sedentary lifestyle]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Blood test]] measuring [[lipid profile]] | |||
| differential = [[Hypothyroidism]], [[nephrotic syndrome]], [[cholestasis]] | |||
| prevention = Healthy diet, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight | |||
| treatment = [[Lifestyle changes]], [[statins]], [[fibrates]], [[niacin]], [[omega-3 fatty acids]] | |||
| medication = [[Statins]], [[fibrates]], [[niacin]] | |||
| frequency = Common | |||
| deaths = Varies, often related to complications | |||
}} | |||
[[Dyslipidemia]], sometimes spelled as dyslipidaemia, refers to an abnormal amount of lipids ([[Lipid metabolism|fats]]) in the [[blood]]. This can involve an elevation of total [[cholesterol]], LDL cholesterol, and [[triglycerides]], or a low HDL cholesterol level. Dyslipidemia is a primary contributor to [[atherosclerosis]] and, consequently, cardiovascular diseases like [[heart attack]]s and [[stroke]]s. The disorder can be primary, stemming from genetic causes, or secondary, resulting from a variety of factors like diet, medications, or other medical conditions. | [[Dyslipidemia]], sometimes spelled as dyslipidaemia, refers to an abnormal amount of lipids ([[Lipid metabolism|fats]]) in the [[blood]]. This can involve an elevation of total [[cholesterol]], LDL cholesterol, and [[triglycerides]], or a low HDL cholesterol level. Dyslipidemia is a primary contributor to [[atherosclerosis]] and, consequently, cardiovascular diseases like [[heart attack]]s and [[stroke]]s. The disorder can be primary, stemming from genetic causes, or secondary, resulting from a variety of factors like diet, medications, or other medical conditions. | ||
==Types of Dyslipidemia== | ==Types of Dyslipidemia== | ||
Dyslipidemias are classified based on the component of the lipids that are abnormal: | Dyslipidemias are classified based on the component of the lipids that are abnormal: | ||
* '''Hypercholesterolemia:''' Elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood. | * '''Hypercholesterolemia:''' Elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood. | ||
* '''Hypertriglyceridemia:''' Elevated levels of triglycerides. | * '''Hypertriglyceridemia:''' Elevated levels of triglycerides. | ||
| Line 12: | Line 29: | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Dyslipidemia can arise from multiple factors, which can be broadly categorized as: | Dyslipidemia can arise from multiple factors, which can be broadly categorized as: | ||
'''Primary (Genetic) Causes:''' | '''Primary (Genetic) Causes:''' | ||
* [[Familial hypercholesterolemia]] | * [[Familial hypercholesterolemia]] | ||
* Familial combined hyperlipidemia | * Familial combined hyperlipidemia | ||
| Line 20: | Line 35: | ||
* Genetic deficiency of HDL | * Genetic deficiency of HDL | ||
'''Secondary Causes:''' | '''Secondary Causes:''' | ||
* Diet high in saturated and trans fats | * Diet high in saturated and trans fats | ||
* Medications such as [[corticosteroids]], [[beta-blockers]], and [[antipsychotics]] | * Medications such as [[corticosteroids]], [[beta-blockers]], and [[antipsychotics]] | ||
| Line 27: | Line 41: | ||
==Symptoms and Diagnosis== | ==Symptoms and Diagnosis== | ||
While dyslipidemia itself doesn't produce symptoms, it can lead to atherosclerotic plaque buildup in the [[arteries]], potentially culminating in cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is generally through a blood test called a [[lipid profile]] or lipid panel. | While dyslipidemia itself doesn't produce symptoms, it can lead to atherosclerotic plaque buildup in the [[arteries]], potentially culminating in cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is generally through a blood test called a [[lipid profile]] or lipid panel. | ||
==Management and Treatment== | ==Management and Treatment== | ||
Managing dyslipidemia often involves a two-pronged approach: | Managing dyslipidemia often involves a two-pronged approach: | ||
'''Lifestyle Modifications:''' | '''Lifestyle Modifications:''' | ||
* Adopting a heart-healthy diet low in saturated and trans fats | * Adopting a heart-healthy diet low in saturated and trans fats | ||
* Engaging in regular [[physical activity]] | * Engaging in regular [[physical activity]] | ||
| Line 38: | Line 49: | ||
* Avoiding tobacco products | * Avoiding tobacco products | ||
'''Pharmacotherapy:''' | '''Pharmacotherapy:''' | ||
* [[Statins]] | * [[Statins]] | ||
* [[Fibrates]] | * [[Fibrates]] | ||
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* Bile acid sequestrants | * Bile acid sequestrants | ||
Periodic monitoring of lipid levels, especially after initiating medications or significant lifestyle changes, is crucial. | Periodic monitoring of lipid levels, especially after initiating medications or significant lifestyle changes, is crucial. | ||
==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
If untreated or inadequately managed, dyslipidemia can contribute to: | If untreated or inadequately managed, dyslipidemia can contribute to: | ||
* [[Atherosclerosis]] | * [[Atherosclerosis]] | ||
* [[Coronary artery disease]] | * [[Coronary artery disease]] | ||
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==Research and Future Outlook== | ==Research and Future Outlook== | ||
Research into dyslipidemia is ongoing. Recent advancements have centered on understanding the genetic markers associated with the disease and the development of new drug treatments. With the advent of precision medicine, treatments tailored to an individual's genetic makeup may become more commonplace in the future. Additionally, there's growing interest in exploring the role of the gut [[microbiome]] in lipid metabolism and its potential implications for treating dyslipidemia. | Research into dyslipidemia is ongoing. Recent advancements have centered on understanding the genetic markers associated with the disease and the development of new drug treatments. With the advent of precision medicine, treatments tailored to an individual's genetic makeup may become more commonplace in the future. Additionally, there's growing interest in exploring the role of the gut [[microbiome]] in lipid metabolism and its potential implications for treating dyslipidemia. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Lipoprotein]] | * [[Lipoprotein]] | ||
* [[Metabolic syndrome]] | * [[Metabolic syndrome]] | ||
Latest revision as of 19:19, 5 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Dyslipidemia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Hyperlipidemia, hyperlipoproteinemia |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Often none, but can include xanthomas, atherosclerosis |
| Complications | Cardiovascular disease, pancreatitis |
| Onset | Varies |
| Duration | Long-term |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Genetic factors, diet, lifestyle, other medical conditions |
| Risks | Obesity, diabetes mellitus, smoking, sedentary lifestyle |
| Diagnosis | Blood test measuring lipid profile |
| Differential diagnosis | Hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, cholestasis |
| Prevention | Healthy diet, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight |
| Treatment | Lifestyle changes, statins, fibrates, niacin, omega-3 fatty acids |
| Medication | Statins, fibrates, niacin |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | Common |
| Deaths | Varies, often related to complications |
Dyslipidemia, sometimes spelled as dyslipidaemia, refers to an abnormal amount of lipids (fats) in the blood. This can involve an elevation of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, or a low HDL cholesterol level. Dyslipidemia is a primary contributor to atherosclerosis and, consequently, cardiovascular diseases like heart attacks and strokes. The disorder can be primary, stemming from genetic causes, or secondary, resulting from a variety of factors like diet, medications, or other medical conditions.
Types of Dyslipidemia[edit]
Dyslipidemias are classified based on the component of the lipids that are abnormal:
- Hypercholesterolemia: Elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood.
- Hypertriglyceridemia: Elevated levels of triglycerides.
- Combined hyperlipidemia: Elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides.
- Low HDL cholesterol: Reduced levels of HDL cholesterol, often associated with elevated triglycerides.
Causes[edit]
Dyslipidemia can arise from multiple factors, which can be broadly categorized as: Primary (Genetic) Causes:
- Familial hypercholesterolemia
- Familial combined hyperlipidemia
- Familial hypertriglyceridemia
- Genetic deficiency of HDL
Secondary Causes:
- Diet high in saturated and trans fats
- Medications such as corticosteroids, beta-blockers, and antipsychotics
- Conditions like diabetes, hypothyroidism, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- Lifestyle factors including smoking and sedentary behavior
Symptoms and Diagnosis[edit]
While dyslipidemia itself doesn't produce symptoms, it can lead to atherosclerotic plaque buildup in the arteries, potentially culminating in cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is generally through a blood test called a lipid profile or lipid panel.
Management and Treatment[edit]
Managing dyslipidemia often involves a two-pronged approach: Lifestyle Modifications:
- Adopting a heart-healthy diet low in saturated and trans fats
- Engaging in regular physical activity
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Avoiding tobacco products
Pharmacotherapy:
- Statins
- Fibrates
- Niacin
- Omega-3 fatty acid supplements
- PCSK9 inhibitors
- Bile acid sequestrants
Periodic monitoring of lipid levels, especially after initiating medications or significant lifestyle changes, is crucial.
Complications[edit]
If untreated or inadequately managed, dyslipidemia can contribute to:
Research and Future Outlook[edit]
Research into dyslipidemia is ongoing. Recent advancements have centered on understanding the genetic markers associated with the disease and the development of new drug treatments. With the advent of precision medicine, treatments tailored to an individual's genetic makeup may become more commonplace in the future. Additionally, there's growing interest in exploring the role of the gut microbiome in lipid metabolism and its potential implications for treating dyslipidemia.
See also[edit]
| Inborn error of lipid metabolism: dyslipidemia (E78, 272.0–272.6) | ||||||||
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