Gulf War syndrome

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Gulf War syndrome
Synonyms	Gulf War illness (GWI)
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	Neurology, Rheumatology, Internal medicine
Symptoms	Fatigue (medical), chronic pain, cognitive dysfunction, skin rashes, diarrhea, muscle pain, headaches, respiratory disorders
Complications	N/A
Onset	During or after Gulf War
Duration	Long-term
Types	N/A
Causes	Unknown, possibly chemical exposure, vaccinations, stress
Risks	Service in the Gulf War, exposure to nerve agents, pesticides, vaccines
Diagnosis	Based on symptoms and medical history
Differential diagnosis	Chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, multiple chemical sensitivity
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Symptomatic treatment, cognitive behavioral therapy, exercise therapy
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, often chronic
Frequency	Affects approximately 25-32% of Gulf War veterans
Deaths	N/A

Map of depleted uranium use during the Gulf War

Portrait of Louis Jones Jr., a Gulf War veteran

Gulf War syndrome (GWS), also known as Gulf War illnesses (GWI), is a chronic and multi-symptomatic disorder affecting returning military veterans and civilian workers of the Gulf War in the early 1990s. A wide range of acute and chronic symptoms have been linked to it, including fatigue, muscle pain, cognitive problems, rashes and diarrhea.

Causes

The exact cause of Gulf War syndrome is currently unknown. However, it has been associated with a variety of factors such as exposure to depleted uranium, sarin gas, smoke from burning oil wells, vaccinations, combat stress, and the use of pyridostigmine bromide tablets, which were given to protect troops against the effects of nerve gas.

Symptoms

Gulf War syndrome is characterized by a range of acute and chronic symptoms, including but not limited to:

• Fatigue
• Muscle pain
• Cognitive problems
• Rashes
• Diarrhea
• Sleep disturbances
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)
• Fibromyalgia

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Gulf War syndrome can be challenging due to the wide range of symptoms that may be present. It is typically based on a patient's clinical history and a thorough physical examination. There are currently no specific laboratory tests for diagnosing Gulf War syndrome.

Treatment

Treatment for Gulf War syndrome is symptomatic and supportive. This may include medications to manage symptoms, physical therapy, and psychological support.

Research

Research into Gulf War syndrome is ongoing. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is actively conducting research into the condition and its causes.

See also

• Agent Orange
• Posttraumatic stress disorder
• Chronic fatigue syndrome
• Fibromyalgia

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