Vascular disease

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Vascular disease
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Pain, swelling, numbness, fatigue
Complications	Stroke, heart attack, gangrene
Onset	Varies by condition
Duration	Chronic
Types	Atherosclerosis, aneurysm, peripheral artery disease, venous insufficiency
Causes	Genetics, lifestyle factors, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes
Risks	Age, family history, obesity, sedentary lifestyle
Diagnosis	Physical examination, imaging tests, blood tests
Differential diagnosis	N/A
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Lifestyle changes, medication, surgery
Medication	Antihypertensives, statins, anticoagulants
Prognosis	Varies by condition and treatment
Frequency	Common
Deaths	N/A

Diseases of the blood vessels

Erythromelalgia affecting the feet

Diagram of the three major capillary types

Arterial ulcer due to peripheral vascular disease

Vascular disease is a class of diseases of the blood vessels, the arteries and veins of the circulatory system. It is a subgroup of cardiovascular disease.

Types

Vascular diseases can be broadly categorized into several types:

Arterial diseases

• Atherosclerosis: A condition where the arteries become narrowed and hardened due to a buildup of plaque around the artery wall.
• Peripheral artery disease (PAD): A common circulatory problem in which narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the limbs.
• Aneurysm: An abnormal bulge or "ballooning" in the wall of an artery.

Venous diseases

• Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): A condition where a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs.
• Varicose veins: Enlarged, swollen, and twisting veins, often appearing blue or dark purple.
• Chronic venous insufficiency: A condition that occurs when the venous wall and/or valves in the leg veins are not working effectively, making it difficult for blood to return to the heart from the legs.

Capillary diseases

• Erythromelalgia: A rare condition characterized by episodes of burning pain, warmth, and redness in the extremities.

Causes

Vascular diseases can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Genetics
• Lifestyle factors such as smoking, diet, and exercise
• Hypertension
• Diabetes

Symptoms

Symptoms of vascular disease vary depending on the specific condition but may include:

• Pain or cramping in the legs
• Swelling in the legs or arms
• Changes in skin color or temperature
• Non-healing wounds or ulcers

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of vascular disease typically involves:

• Physical examination
• Doppler ultrasound
• Angiography
• Blood tests

Treatment

Treatment options depend on the type and severity of the disease and may include:

• Lifestyle changes
• Medication
• Surgery or angioplasty

Prevention

Preventive measures include:

• Maintaining a healthy lifestyle
• Regular exercise
• Healthy diet
• Avoiding tobacco use

See also

• Cardiovascular disease
• Hypertension
• Stroke

References

• "Vascular Disease." National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. [1]
• "Peripheral Artery Disease." Mayo Clinic. [2]