Trace metal

Trace Metal

Trace metals are essential for various biological processes.

Trace metals, also known as trace elements, are metals that are present in living organisms in very small amounts but are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions. These metals are crucial for various biochemical processes, including enzyme function, hormone production, and maintaining the structural integrity of proteins and nucleic acids.

Essential Trace Metals

There are several trace metals that are considered essential for human health. These include:

• Iron (Fe): Iron is a key component of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells responsible for oxygen transport. It is also involved in various enzymatic reactions.

• Zinc (Zn): Zinc plays a vital role in immune function, protein synthesis, wound healing, and DNA synthesis. It is also important for taste and smell.

• Copper (Cu): Copper is involved in iron metabolism, the formation of connective tissue, and the function of the nervous system.

• Manganese (Mn): Manganese is important for bone formation, blood clotting, and reducing inflammation.

• Selenium (Se): Selenium is a component of antioxidant enzymes and is important for thyroid hormone metabolism.

• Iodine (I): Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism.

• Cobalt (Co): Cobalt is a component of vitamin B12, which is necessary for red blood cell production and neurological function.

Biological Functions

Trace metals serve as cofactors for enzymes, meaning they are necessary for the enzyme's activity. For example, zinc is a cofactor for over 300 enzymes that facilitate processes such as digestion, metabolism, and nerve function. Iron is a critical component of cytochromes, which are involved in electron transport and energy production in cells.

Deficiency and Toxicity

The human body requires trace metals in specific amounts.

The balance of trace metals is crucial; both deficiency and excess can lead to health problems. Deficiency in trace metals can result in a variety of health issues. For example, iron deficiency can lead to anemia, while zinc deficiency can impair immune function and wound healing.

Conversely, excessive intake of trace metals can be toxic. For instance, too much copper can cause liver damage, and excessive selenium can lead to selenosis, characterized by gastrointestinal distress and hair loss.

Sources of Trace Metals

Trace metals are obtained from the diet. Foods rich in trace metals include:

• Iron: Red meat, poultry, seafood, beans, and fortified cereals.
• Zinc: Meat, shellfish, legumes, seeds, and nuts.
• Copper: Shellfish, seeds, nuts, and whole-grain products.
• Manganese: Nuts, legumes, seeds, tea, and whole grains.
• Selenium: Brazil nuts, seafood, and organ meats.
• Iodine: Iodized salt, seafood, and dairy products.
• Cobalt: Found in foods containing vitamin B12, such as meat, eggs, and dairy products.

Related Pages

• Mineral (nutrient)
• Micronutrient
• Human nutrition
• Metabolism