Spondylosis
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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| Spondylosis | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Spinal osteoarthritis |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Neck pain, back pain, stiffness, numbness |
| Complications | Spinal stenosis, nerve compression |
| Onset | Middle age |
| Duration | Long-term |
| Types | Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar |
| Causes | Aging, degenerative disc disease |
| Risks | Genetics, obesity, sedentary lifestyle |
| Diagnosis | X-ray, MRI, CT scan |
| Differential diagnosis | Herniated disc, spinal stenosis, sciatica |
| Prevention | Exercise, weight management, ergonomic adjustments |
| Treatment | Physical therapy, pain management, surgery |
| Medication | NSAIDs, muscle relaxants, corticosteroids |
| Prognosis | Variable, often manageable with treatment |
| Frequency | Common in older adults |
| Deaths | N/A |
Spondylosis refers to degenerative changes in the spine such as bone spurs and degenerative disc disease. This condition, often related to the natural aging process, can occur in various parts of the spine: cervical (neck), thoracic (mid-back), and lumbar (lower back). Spondylosis can lead to chronic pain and reduced quality of life if left untreated.[1]
Understanding Spondylosis
The human spine is made up of 33 vertebrae, cushioned by soft, gel-like intervertebral discs. Over time, these structures can wear down, causing degenerative changes—collectively known as spondylosis.
Causes and Risk Factors
- Age: Spondylosis is primarily an age-related condition, becoming more common as individuals grow older.
- Occupation: Jobs that involve repetitive bending and lifting or prolonged sitting, especially with poor posture, may increase the risk of spondylosis.
- Trauma: Previous injuries or surgeries of the spine can lead to the development of spondylosis.
- Genetic factors: Some individuals may be genetically predisposed to developing spondylosis.[2]
Symptoms
While many individuals with spondylosis experience no symptoms, others may experience chronic pain, stiffness, or numbness. The specific symptoms depend on the region of the spine affected and whether any nerve structures are impinged.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of spondylosis is usually based on a combination of patient history, physical examination, and imaging studies, such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans.[3]
Management
The management of spondylosis involves both non-surgical and surgical approaches, depending on the severity of symptoms and the patient's overall health. These include:
- Physical therapy: Exercises to improve flexibility, strength, and posture are often beneficial.
- Medication: Over-the-counter pain relievers, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and occasionally opioids are used to manage pain.
- Surgery: In severe cases, surgery might be necessary. Procedures vary from minimally invasive decompressions to major reconstructive surgeries.[4]
See Also
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| Spinal disease | ||||||||||||||
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- ↑ Spondylosis(link). {{{website}}}. Mayo Clinic. Accessed 2023-05-18.
- ↑ Spondylosis(link). {{{website}}}. Johns Hopkins Medicine. Accessed 2023-05-18.
- ↑ Shelerud, Randy A., Epidemiology of occupational low back pain, Clinics in occupational and environmental medicine, 2001, Vol. 1(Issue: 1), pp. 1-21, DOI: 10.1016/s1526-0046(03)00031-9,
- ↑ Spondylosis(link). {{{website}}}. Johns Hopkins Medicine. Accessed 2023-05-18.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
