S-Adenosyl methionine

S-Adenosyl methionine (also known as SAMe, SAM, and AdoMet) is a common co-substrate involved in methyl group transfers. It is linked to the synthesis, activation, and/or metabolism of chemicals like hormones, neurotransmitters, nucleic acids, proteins, and phospholipids.

Etymology

The term "S-Adenosyl methionine" is derived from its structure. The "S" refers to the sulfur atom, "Adenosyl" refers to the adenosine moiety, and "methionine" refers to the amino acid from which it is derived.

Biochemical role

S-Adenosyl methionine is involved in three main types of reactions: methylations, transsulfurations, and aminopropylation. As a methyl donor, SAMe is involved in the synthesis of various biomolecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and secondary metabolites. In transsulfuration pathways, SAMe is converted to homocysteine through the concurrent synthesis of adenosine. In aminopropylation reactions, SAMe is decarboxylated and used to donate aminopropyl groups in the biosynthesis of polyamines.

Medical use

S-Adenosyl methionine has been studied for its potential role in the treatment of depression, liver disease, osteoarthritis, and migraine. However, the evidence for its effectiveness in these conditions is mixed and more research is needed.

Side effects

Common side effects of S-Adenosyl methionine include nausea, diarrhea, constipation, mild insomnia, dizziness, irritability, anxiety, and sweating. It is generally well-tolerated, but should be used with caution in people with bipolar disorder or other psychiatric conditions due to the risk of inducing mania or hypomania.

See also

• Methionine
• Adenosine
• Methyl group

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