Homocysteine
Homocysteine
Homocysteine (pronounced as ho-mo-sis-teen) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of methionine, another amino acid.
Etymology
The term "Homocysteine" is derived from the Greek words 'homos' meaning 'same' and 'cysteine' referring to the amino acid cysteine. It was first identified in 1932 by the scientist Vince D. du Vigneaud.
Function
Homocysteine is synthesized in the body from methionine, an essential amino acid, through a multi-step process that involves various enzymes. It can then be converted back into methionine or into another amino acid called cysteine with the help of vitamin B6 and vitamin B12.
Health Implications
Elevated levels of homocysteine in the blood, a condition known as hyperhomocysteinemia, have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease. It is also linked to osteoporosis, macular degeneration, and neural tube defects in newborns.
Related Terms
- Methionine: An essential amino acid from which homocysteine is synthesized.
- Cysteine: An amino acid that can be synthesized from homocysteine.
- Hyperhomocysteinemia: A medical condition characterized by high levels of homocysteine in the blood.
- Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B12: Vitamins that assist in the metabolism of homocysteine.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Homocysteine
- Wikipedia's article - Homocysteine
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