Oxicam

A class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Overview

The oxicams are a class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that are used to relieve pain and inflammation. They are particularly effective in the treatment of chronic conditions such as arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Oxicams are known for their long half-life, which allows for once-daily dosing in many cases.

Mechanism of Action

Oxicams work by inhibiting the activity of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, specifically COX-1 and COX-2. These enzymes are responsible for the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins, which are compounds that mediate inflammation, pain, and fever. By reducing the production of prostaglandins, oxicams help to alleviate the symptoms of inflammation and pain.

Common Oxicams

Several drugs belong to the oxicam class, including:

• Piroxicam - One of the earliest oxicams, piroxicam is used to treat various inflammatory conditions. It is known for its long duration of action.
• Meloxicam - A more selective COX-2 inhibitor, meloxicam is often preferred for its reduced gastrointestinal side effects compared to other NSAIDs.
• Tenoxicam - Used for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, tenoxicam is effective in treating both acute and chronic pain.
• Lornoxicam - Known for its potent anti-inflammatory effects, lornoxicam is used in the management of pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders.

Pharmacokinetics

Oxicams are characterized by their long half-lives, which range from 20 to 70 hours depending on the specific drug. This allows for once-daily dosing, which can improve patient compliance. They are well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and are extensively metabolized in the liver.

Side Effects

Like other NSAIDs, oxicams can cause a range of side effects, particularly affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Common side effects include:

• Gastrointestinal bleeding
• Ulceration
• Nausea
• Dyspepsia

Due to their mechanism of action, oxicams can also affect renal function and should be used with caution in patients with kidney disease.

Clinical Use

Oxicams are primarily used in the management of chronic inflammatory conditions such as:

• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Osteoarthritis
• Ankylosing spondylitis

They may also be used for the relief of acute pain, such as that associated with musculoskeletal injuries.

Images

Chemical structure of meloxicam, a commonly used oxicam.

Chemical structure of piroxicam, one of the first oxicams developed.

Related Pages

• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
• Cyclooxygenase
• Prostaglandin