Microvascular angina

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Microvascular Angina (pronounced: mi-kro-vas-kyu-lar an-ji-na), also known as Cardiac Syndrome X or Small Vessel Disease, is a condition that affects the tiny arteries in the heart.

Etymology

The term "Microvascular" is derived from the Greek words "micros" meaning small, and "vasculum" meaning little vessel. "Angina" is derived from the Latin word "angere" which means to strangle, reflecting the constricting pain often experienced with this condition.

Definition

Microvascular angina is a type of angina (chest pain) that occurs when the small blood vessels that supply blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked. This can cause symptoms similar to more traditional forms of angina, but it can be more difficult to diagnose because the blockages can't be seen on a standard angiogram.

Symptoms

Symptoms of microvascular angina can include:

  • Chest pain or discomfort, often described as aching, burning, or sharp
  • Shortness of breath
  • Fatigue
  • Sleep disturbances
  • Lack of energy

Causes

The exact cause of microvascular angina is unknown, but it's thought to be related to damage or dysfunction in the endothelium (the inner lining of the blood vessels). Risk factors can include hypertension (high blood pressure), hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol), diabetes, and smoking.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of microvascular angina can be challenging, as the condition doesn't show up on traditional heart tests like an angiogram. Instead, doctors may use tests such as a stress test, echocardiogram, or cardiac MRI to diagnose the condition.

Treatment

Treatment for microvascular angina typically involves lifestyle changes and medications to help control symptoms and prevent further heart damage. Medications can include beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and nitrates. In some cases, a procedure called enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) may be used.

See Also

External links

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