List of periodontal diseases

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Periodontal diseases
Synonyms	Gum diseases
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Bleeding gums, swollen gums, bad breath, loose teeth
Complications	Tooth loss, abscess, systemic inflammation
Onset	Varies, often gradual
Duration	Chronic
Types	Gingivitis, Periodontitis, Aggressive periodontitis, Chronic periodontitis, Necrotizing periodontal disease
Causes	Bacterial plaque, poor oral hygiene, smoking, genetic factors
Risks	Smoking, diabetes, poor oral hygiene, genetic predisposition
Diagnosis	Clinical examination, dental X-rays, periodontal probing
Differential diagnosis	N/A
Prevention	Oral hygiene, regular dental check-ups, smoking cessation
Treatment	Scaling and root planing, antibiotics, surgery
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Varies, can be managed with treatment
Frequency	Common
Deaths	N/A

Periodontal diseases are a group of inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth, known as the periodontium. These diseases are primarily caused by bacterial infections and can lead to the destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth, including the gums, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Periodontal diseases are a major cause of tooth loss in adults.

Gingivitis

Gingivitis is the mildest form of periodontal disease and is characterized by inflammation of the gums. It is caused by the accumulation of bacterial plaque on the tooth surfaces. Common symptoms include redness, swelling, and bleeding of the gums, especially during brushing or flossing. Gingivitis is reversible with proper oral hygiene and professional dental care.

Chronic Periodontitis

Chronic periodontitis is the most common form of periodontitis and is characterized by the progressive loss of the attachment of the gums to the teeth and the destruction of the supporting bone. It is often associated with the formation of periodontal pockets and gum recession. Risk factors include poor oral hygiene, smoking, and genetic predisposition.

Aggressive Periodontitis

Aggressive periodontitis is a less common form of periodontitis that occurs in patients who are otherwise clinically healthy. It is characterized by rapid attachment loss and bone destruction. It often affects younger individuals and may have a genetic component.

Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases

Ulcerative necrotizing gingivitis

Necrotizing periodontal diseases are severe inflammatory conditions characterized by tissue necrosis. They include necrotizing gingivitis, necrotizing periodontitis, and necrotizing stomatitis. These conditions are often associated with systemic conditions such as malnutrition, immunosuppression, and HIV infection.

Periodontitis as a Manifestation of Systemic Diseases

Certain systemic diseases can affect the periodontium, leading to periodontitis. These include diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and conditions that affect the immune system. The management of periodontal disease in these patients requires a multidisciplinary approach.

Periodontal Abscess

A periodontal abscess is a localized purulent infection within the tissues surrounding the teeth. It is characterized by swelling, pain, and the presence of pus. It can occur as a result of untreated periodontitis or as a complication of periodontal therapy.

Peri-implantitis

Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the soft and hard tissues surrounding dental implants. It is similar to periodontitis and can lead to the loss of the supporting bone around the implant. Risk factors include poor oral hygiene, smoking, and a history of periodontitis.

See also

• Periodontology
• Dental plaque
• Oral hygiene
• Tooth loss