Gilbert's syndrome

Gilbert's syndrome (pronounced: jil-berts sin-drohm) is a common, harmless liver condition in which the liver doesn't properly process a substance called bilirubin. Bilirubin is produced by the breakdown of red blood cells.

Etymology

The condition is named after French physician Augustin Nicolas Gilbert and his colleagues who first described it in 1901.

Symptoms

People with Gilbert's syndrome often experience occasional and mild jaundice, due to the buildup of bilirubin. This is characterized by a yellowish color of the skin and whites of the eyes. Other associated symptoms may include fatigue, weakness, and abdominal pain.

Causes

Gilbert's syndrome is caused by an inherited genetic mutation in the UGT1A1 gene. This gene provides instructions for making an enzyme that helps break down bilirubin in the liver.

Diagnosis

Gilbert's syndrome is typically diagnosed through a blood test, which may show a slightly elevated level of bilirubin. Other liver tests will be normal. Genetic testing can also be done to identify the mutation in the UGT1A1 gene.

Treatment

No specific treatment is necessary for Gilbert's syndrome. It is a benign condition that does not affect life expectancy, quality of life, or health. If jaundice becomes bothersome, a doctor may recommend certain lifestyle changes or medications to help reduce bilirubin levels.

Related Terms

• Bilirubin
• Jaundice
• UGT1A1 gene
• Liver

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Gilbert's syndrome
• Wikipedia's article - Gilbert's syndrome

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