Functional residual capacity

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Functional residual capacity (pronunciation: /ˈfʌŋkʃənəl rɪˈzɜːrvi kəˈpæsɪti/), often abbreviated as FRC, is a term used in pulmonology to describe the volume of air present in the lungs at the end of passive expiration.

Etymology

The term "Functional residual capacity" is derived from the words "functional", meaning serving a purpose, "residual", meaning remaining, and "capacity", meaning the maximum amount that something can contain.

Definition

Functional residual capacity is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal, passive exhalation. It is the sum of expiratory reserve volume (ERV) and residual volume (RV). It is an important measure in respiratory physiology as it provides an indication of the lung's ability to function effectively.

Measurement

Functional residual capacity can be measured using a variety of techniques including body plethysmography, helium dilution, and nitrogen washout. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of method will depend on the specific circumstances and the equipment available.

Clinical significance

Changes in functional residual capacity can indicate a variety of lung conditions. For example, an increased FRC may indicate emphysema or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), while a decreased FRC may suggest restrictive lung disease such as pulmonary fibrosis or sarcoidosis.

Related terms

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