Control of ventilation
Control of Ventilation
Control of Ventilation (pronunciation: /kənˈtroʊl əv ˌvɛntɪˈleɪʃən/) refers to the physiological process by which the body regulates its respiratory rate and depth of breathing. The etymology of the term comes from the Latin words 'control' meaning 'to check or regulate' and 'ventilation' meaning 'the act of supplying fresh air and getting rid of foul air'.
Mechanism
The primary control centers for breathing are located in the medulla oblongata and pons, parts of the brainstem. These centers receive information about the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood from chemoreceptors and respond by adjusting the rate and depth of breathing.
Factors Influencing Control of Ventilation
Several factors influence the control of ventilation, including:
- Blood gases: The levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH in the blood are the primary factors that influence respiratory rate.
- Exercise: Physical activity increases the demand for oxygen and the production of carbon dioxide, leading to increased respiratory rate.
- Emotion and Pain: Strong emotions and pain can stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, leading to increased respiratory rate.
- Drugs: Certain drugs, such as opioids, can depress the respiratory centers, leading to decreased respiratory rate.
Related Terms
- Respiratory rate: The number of breaths taken per minute.
- Medulla oblongata: The part of the brainstem responsible for regulating vital functions, including breathing.
- Chemoreceptor: A sensory receptor that responds to chemical stimuli, such as changes in the concentration of oxygen or carbon dioxide in the blood.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Control of ventilation
- Wikipedia's article - Control of ventilation
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