Chemoreceptor
Chemoreceptor
Chemoreceptors (/ˈkiːmoʊrɪˌsɛptər/; from chemo- + receptor) are specialized cells that detect changes in chemical concentrations in the body's internal or external environment. They play a crucial role in the body's homeostatic mechanisms and are involved in various physiological processes, including respiration, digestion, and the sensory perception of taste and smell.
Etymology
The term "chemoreceptor" is derived from the Greek words chemia meaning "chemistry" and recepteur meaning "receiver". It refers to the receptor's ability to detect and respond to chemical changes.
Types of Chemoreceptors
Chemoreceptors can be broadly classified into two types: Peripheral chemoreceptors and Central chemoreceptors.
- Peripheral chemoreceptors: These are located in the carotid body and aortic body, and they primarily detect changes in the blood's oxygen levels, carbon dioxide levels, and pH.
- Central chemoreceptors: These are located in the medulla oblongata of the brain and primarily respond to changes in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid, which is influenced by the level of carbon dioxide in the blood.
Related Terms
- Neuron: A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell.
- Sensory system: The part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information.
- Homeostasis: The tendency towards a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Chemoreceptor
- Wikipedia's article - Chemoreceptor
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