Flavanonol

Overview

Chemical structure of a flavanonol

Flavanonols are a class of flavonoids, which are a diverse group of phytonutrients (plant chemicals) found in almost all fruits and vegetables. Flavanonols are characterized by their unique chemical structure, which includes a 3-hydroxyflavanone backbone. They are known for their potential health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties.

Chemical Structure

Flavanonols are structurally similar to flavanones, but they differ by the presence of a hydroxyl group at the 3-position of the C-ring. This structural difference is crucial as it influences the biological activity of these compounds. The basic structure of flavanonols consists of two aromatic rings (A and B) and a heterocyclic ring (C) that contains the 3-hydroxy group.

Biosynthesis

Flavanonols are synthesized in plants through the phenylpropanoid pathway, which is a major metabolic route for the production of flavonoids. The pathway begins with the amino acid phenylalanine, which is converted into various intermediates, eventually leading to the formation of flavanonols. Enzymes such as chalcone synthase and flavanone 3-hydroxylase play key roles in this biosynthetic process.

Biological Functions

Flavanonols are known for their role in plant defense mechanisms. They contribute to the protection against ultraviolet radiation, pathogens, and herbivores. In humans, flavanonols have been studied for their potential health benefits. They exhibit antioxidant properties, which help in neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress. Additionally, flavanonols have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities, making them of interest in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical research.

Dietary Sources

Flavanonols are found in a variety of fruits and vegetables. Common dietary sources include onions, kale, broccoli, apples, and berries. The concentration of flavanonols can vary depending on the plant species, growing conditions, and processing methods.

Health Benefits

Research suggests that a diet rich in flavanonols may contribute to the prevention of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Their antioxidant properties help in protecting cells from damage, while their anti-inflammatory effects can reduce the risk of chronic inflammation-related diseases.

Related Pages

• Flavonoid
• Antioxidant
• Phenylpropanoid pathway
• Nutraceutical