Ellis–Van Creveld syndrome

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Ellis–Van Creveld syndrome
Polydactyly in Ellis–Van Creveld syndrome
Synonyms	Chondroectodermal dysplasia
Pronounce
Specialty	Medical genetics
Symptoms	Dwarfism, polydactyly, congenital heart defects, nail dysplasia, dental abnormalities
Complications	N/A
Onset	Birth
Duration	Lifelong
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetic mutation in EVC or EVC2 genes
Risks	Consanguinity
Diagnosis	Clinical examination, genetic testing
Differential diagnosis	Asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia, Jeune syndrome
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Symptomatic management, surgery for heart defects
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, depends on severity of heart defects
Frequency	Rare
Deaths

Ellis–Van Creveld syndrome (also known as EVC syndrome) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by short stature, polydactyly, nail dysplasia, and dental anomalies. The syndrome is named after Richard W.B. Ellis and Simon van Creveld, who first described it in 1940.

Symptoms and Signs

The most common symptoms of Ellis-Van Creveld syndrome include short stature, polydactyly (extra fingers or toes), nail dysplasia (abnormal nail growth), and dental anomalies (abnormalities in the structure and number of teeth). Other symptoms may include congenital heart defects, respiratory problems, and bone abnormalities.

Causes

Ellis-Van Creveld syndrome is caused by mutations in the EVC or EVC2 gene. These genes are involved in the formation of cilia, which are small, hair-like structures that project from the surface of cells and are involved in cell movement and signaling.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of Ellis-Van Creveld syndrome is usually based on the physical features observed in the patient. Genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

There is no cure for Ellis-Van Creveld syndrome. Treatment is supportive and depends on the symptoms present in each individual. This may include surgery to correct heart defects or polydactyly, dental care to manage dental anomalies, and physical therapy to manage bone abnormalities.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with Ellis-Van Creveld syndrome varies. Some individuals may have a normal lifespan, while others may have life-threatening complications due to heart defects or respiratory problems.

Gallery

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  Ellis–Van Creveld syndrome
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  Mouth features in Ellis–Van Creveld syndrome

See Also

• Genetic disorders
• Congenital heart defects
• Polydactyly
• Dental anomalies

References

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