Dental anomalies
Dental Anomalies
Dental anomalies (/dɛntəl ænəˈmɑːlɪz/), are a group of conditions that cause deviations from the normal number, size, shape, and position of teeth. These anomalies can occur in the primary dentition (baby teeth) or the permanent dentition (adult teeth).
Etymology
The term "dental anomalies" is derived from the Greek words "dent-" meaning tooth, and "anomalos" meaning irregular or abnormal.
Types of Dental Anomalies
There are several types of dental anomalies, including:
- Hypodontia: This is the condition of having fewer teeth than normal. It can affect both the primary and permanent dentition.
- Hyperdontia: This is the opposite of hypodontia, where there are more teeth than normal. These extra teeth are often referred to as supernumerary teeth.
- Microdontia: This is when the teeth are smaller than normal. It can affect one tooth (localized microdontia) or many teeth (generalized microdontia).
- Macrodontia: This is when the teeth are larger than normal. Like microdontia, it can be localized or generalized.
- Amelogenesis imperfecta: This is a group of genetic conditions that affect the structure and appearance of the enamel, the hard, outer layer of the teeth.
- Dentinogenesis imperfecta: This is a genetic disorder that affects the development of dentin, the hard tissue beneath the enamel that makes up the bulk of a tooth.
Causes
Dental anomalies can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic mutations, environmental influences, and certain medical conditions. Some dental anomalies, such as amelogenesis imperfecta and dentinogenesis imperfecta, are inherited, while others, like hypodontia and hyperdontia, can occur spontaneously.
Treatment
Treatment for dental anomalies depends on the type and severity of the anomaly, as well as the patient's age and overall health. Treatment options may include dental restorations, orthodontic treatment, or in some cases, tooth extraction.
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