Corti

Corti

Corti, often referred to in the context of the Organ of Corti, is a crucial structure within the cochlea of the inner ear. It plays a vital role in the process of auditory transduction, which is the conversion of sound waves into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain.

Anatomy

The Organ of Corti is located on the basilar membrane inside the cochlea. It contains specialized sensory cells known as hair cells, which are the primary receptors for sound. There are two types of hair cells: inner hair cells and outer hair cells.

• Inner Hair Cells: These are responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals. They are fewer in number compared to outer hair cells but are crucial for hearing.

• Outer Hair Cells: These cells amplify sound vibrations and enhance the sensitivity of the inner hair cells. They have a unique ability to change length in response to sound, which helps in fine-tuning the auditory response.

The Organ of Corti also includes supporting cells and the tectorial membrane, which plays a role in the mechanical stimulation of the hair cells.

Function

The primary function of the Organ of Corti is to transduce mechanical sound vibrations into nerve impulses. When sound waves enter the ear, they cause the basilar membrane to vibrate. These vibrations are detected by the hair cells, which then generate electrical signals. These signals are transmitted via the auditory nerve to the brain, where they are interpreted as sound.

Clinical Significance

Damage to the Organ of Corti can result in sensorineural hearing loss. This can occur due to exposure to loud noises, aging, ototoxic drugs, or infections. Research into regenerative medicine and cochlear implants is ongoing to address such hearing impairments.

History

The Organ of Corti is named after the Italian anatomist Alfonso Corti, who first described it in the 19th century. His work laid the foundation for our understanding of the auditory system.

Also see

• Cochlea
• Auditory system
• Hearing loss
• Hair cell regeneration