Abortion in Nepal

Abortion in Nepal is a significant aspect of the country's healthcare system and women's rights movement. Since the legalization of abortion in 2002, Nepal has made substantial progress in improving access to safe abortion services, reducing maternal mortality, and promoting reproductive rights.

History

Prior to 2002, abortion in Nepal was illegal under all circumstances, and women who underwent abortions faced severe legal penalties, including imprisonment. This led to a high incidence of unsafe abortions, contributing to maternal mortality and morbidity.

In 2002, the Nepalese government passed the 11th Amendment to the Civil Code, which legalized abortion under specific conditions. This landmark legislation allowed abortion up to 12 weeks of gestation for any reason, up to 18 weeks in cases of rape or incest, and at any time if the life of the woman is at risk or in cases of fetal impairment.

Legal Framework

The legalization of abortion in Nepal is governed by the Safe Motherhood and Reproductive Health Rights Act, which was enacted in 2018. This act ensures women's rights to access safe and legal abortion services and outlines the responsibilities of healthcare providers.

Conditions for Legal Abortion

• Up to 12 weeks of gestation for any reason.
• Up to 18 weeks in cases of rape or incest.
• At any time if the woman's life is at risk or in cases of severe fetal impairment.

Access to Services

Since the legalization, the Ministry of Health and Population has worked to expand access to safe abortion services across the country. This includes training healthcare providers, establishing service centers, and raising awareness about reproductive rights.

Challenges

Despite legal provisions, access to safe abortion services in Nepal faces several challenges:

• Geographical barriers in remote areas.
• Socio-cultural stigma surrounding abortion.
• Limited awareness and education about reproductive rights.

Impact on Public Health

The legalization of abortion has had a positive impact on public health in Nepal. It has contributed to a significant reduction in maternal mortality rates and improved women's health outcomes. The availability of safe abortion services has also empowered women to make informed decisions about their reproductive health.

Also see

• Reproductive rights in Nepal
• Healthcare in Nepal
• Women's rights in Nepal
• Maternal health in Nepal