Herpes esophagitis

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Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Herpes esophagitis
File:Herpes esophagitis.JPG Herpes esophagitis
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Odynophagia, dysphagia, fever, chest pain
Complications	Esophageal perforation, stricture
Onset	Sudden
Duration	Variable
Types	N/A
Causes	Herpes simplex virus infection
Risks	Immunocompromised state, HIV/AIDS, chemotherapy, organ transplantation
Diagnosis	Endoscopy, biopsy, PCR
Differential diagnosis	Cytomegalovirus esophagitis, Candida esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Antiviral drugs such as acyclovir, valacyclovir
Medication	Acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Rare in immunocompetent individuals
Deaths	N/A

Heroin Addiction Heroin addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences as well as long-lasting changes in the brain. It is considered a brain disorder, because it involves functional changes to brain circuits involved in reward, stress, and self-control.

Introduction

Heroin is an opioid drug made from morphine, a natural substance taken from the seed pod of the various opium poppy plants. Heroin can be a white or brown powder, or a black sticky substance known as black tar heroin. Other common names for heroin include big H, horse, hell dust, and smack.

Effects of Heroin

Heroin enters the brain rapidly and binds to opioid receptors on cells located in many areas, especially those involved in feelings of pain and pleasure and in controlling heart rate, sleeping, and breathing. Short-term effects can include a rush of good feelings and clouded thinking followed by alternately wakeful and drowsy states. Heroin often causes nausea, vomiting, and severe itching.

Addiction

Addiction is a form of substance use disorder (SUD). SUDs are characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences. These disorders can cause changes in the brain's structure and how it works, leading to changes that can last long after the person has stopped using the drug. This is more likely when a drug that increases dopamine levels in the brain is used for a long period of time.

Treatment

Treatment for heroin addiction often includes behavioral and pharmacological interventions. Medications can be used to prevent withdrawal symptoms, decrease cravings, and block the effects of heroin. Behavioral therapies can help people modify their attitudes and behaviors related to drug use, increase healthy life skills, and persist with other forms of treatment, such as medication.

See Also

• Opioid Use Disorder
• Substance Use Disorder
• Drug Rehabilitation