Parvocellular neurosecretory cell

Not to be confused with Parvocellular cell.

Parvocellular neurosecretory cells are small neurons within paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. The axons of the parvocellular neurosecretory cells of the PVN project to the median eminence, at the base of the brain, where their neurosecretory nerve terminals release peptides into blood vessels in the hypothalamo-pituitary portal system. The blood vessels carry the peptides to the anterior pituitary gland, where they regulate the secretion of hormones into the systemic circulation.<ref>Sawchenko, PE,

 Evidence for differential regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor and vasopressin immunoreactivities in parvocellular neurosecretory and autonomic-related projections of the paraventricular nucleus., 
 Brain Research, 
 
 Vol. 437(Issue: 2),
 pp. 253–63,
 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(87)91641-6,
 PMID: 3325130,</ref><ref>Kovács, KJ, 
 Sequence of stress-induced alterations in indices of synaptic and transcriptional activation in parvocellular neurosecretory neurons., 
 The Journal of Neuroscience, 
 
 Vol. 16(Issue: 1),
 pp. 262–73,
 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-01-00262.1996,
 PMID: 8613792,</ref>

Types

The parvocellular neurosecretory cells include those that make:

• Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), which acts as the primary regulator of TSH and a regulator of prolactin<ref>Ghamari-Langroudi, M.,

 Regulation of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone-Expressing Neurons in Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus by Signals of Adiposity, 
 Molecular Endocrinology, 
 
 Vol. 24(Issue: 12),
 pp. 2366–2381,
 DOI: 10.1210/me.2010-0203,
 PMID: 20943814,
 PMC: 2999480,</ref> 

• Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which acts as the primary regulator of ACTH<ref>Lennard, DE,

 Corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the paraventricular nucleus project to the external zone of the median eminence: a study combining retrograde labeling with immunocytochemistry., 
 Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 
 
 Vol. 5(Issue: 2),
 pp. 175–81,
 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.1993.tb00378.x,
 PMID: 8485552,
 
 
 Full text,</ref><ref name=Sawchenko>Sawchenko, PE, 
 Co-expression of corticotropin-releasing factor and vasopressin immunoreactivity in parvocellular neurosecretory neurons of the adrenalectomized rat., 
 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 
 
 Vol. 81(Issue: 6),
 pp. 1883–7,
 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.6.1883,
 PMID: 6369332,
 PMC: 345027,</ref> 

• <ref name=Sawchenko/><ref name=horn>Horn, A. M.,

 Oxytocin and vasopressin in rat hypophysial portal blood: experimental studies in normal and Brattleboro rats, 
 Journal of Endocrinology, 
 
 Vol. 104(Issue: 2),
 pp. 211–NP,
 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1040211,
 PMID: 3968510,</ref><ref name=freeman>Freeman, ME, 
 Prolactin: structure, function, and regulation of secretion., 
 Physiological Reviews, 
 
 Vol. 80(Issue: 4),
 pp. 1523–631,
 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.2000.80.4.1523,
 PMID: 11015620,</ref>

• <ref name=horn/><ref name=freeman/><ref>Johnston, CA,

 Role of oxytocin on prolactin secretion during proestrus and in different physiological or pharmacological paradigms., 
 Endocrinology, 
 
 Vol. 122(Issue: 1),
 pp. 341–50,
 DOI: 10.1210/endo-122-1-341,
 PMID: 3335212,</ref>

• Neurotensin, which acts as a regulator of luteinizing hormone and prolactin<ref name=Sawchenko/><ref>Watanobe, H,

 In vivo release of neurotensin from the median eminence of ovariectomized estrogen-primed rats as estimated by push-pull perfusion: correlation with luteinizing hormone and prolactin surges., 
 Neuroendocrinology, 
 
 Vol. 57(Issue: 4),
 pp. 760–4,
 DOI: 10.1159/000126434,
 PMID: 8367038,</ref>

See also

• Magnocellular neurosecretory cell

References

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