3-Hydroxybenzoic acid

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A type of benzoic acid


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3-Hydroxybenzoic acid is an organic compound with the formula C_H_O_. It is a type of benzoic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group at the meta position. This compound is a monohydroxybenzoic acid and is one of the three isomers of hydroxybenzoic acid.

Structure and properties

3-Hydroxybenzoic acid consists of a benzene ring with a carboxylic acid group (COOH) and a hydroxyl group (OH) attached to it. The hydroxyl group is located at the third position relative to the carboxyl group, hence the name "3-hydroxy". This structure imparts certain chemical properties, such as the ability to form hydrogen bonds, which influence its solubility and reactivity.

Synthesis

3-Hydroxybenzoic acid can be synthesized through various methods, including the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction, which involves the carboxylation of phenols. Another method involves the oxidation of m-cresol using oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate.

Applications

This compound is used in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals, dyes, and polymers. It serves as an intermediate in the production of salicylic acid derivatives and is also used in the manufacture of certain cosmetics and preservatives.

Biological significance

3-Hydroxybenzoic acid is found in some plants and is a part of the phenolic acid family, which plays a role in plant defense mechanisms. It is also studied for its potential antioxidant properties and its role in metabolic pathways in microorganisms.

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