Microorganisms
Microorganisms
Microorganisms (pronounced: /ˌmaɪ.kroʊ.ɔːrˈɡæn.ɪ.zəm/), also known as microbes, are microscopic organisms that exist as unicellular, multicellular, or cell clusters. They include bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, algae, and archaea.
Etymology
The term "microorganism" comes from the Greek mikros meaning "small" and organismos meaning "organism". It was first used in the late 19th century to describe these tiny, often single-celled organisms that are too small to be seen without a microscope.
Types of Microorganisms
- Bacteria (pronounced: /bækˈtɪər.i.ə/): These are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and other organelles. They are found everywhere and can be harmful (pathogenic) or beneficial (probiotic).
- Viruses (pronounced: /ˈvaɪrəs/): These are non-cellular infectious agents that can only replicate inside the cells of a host organism. They can infect all types of life forms.
- Fungi (pronounced: /ˈfʌndʒaɪ/): These are eukaryotic organisms that include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. Some fungi are beneficial, while others can cause diseases.
- Protozoa (pronounced: /ˌproʊtəˈzoʊ.ə/): These are single-celled eukaryotic organisms that are typically motile and can live in a variety of habitats.
- Algae (pronounced: /ˈældʒi/): These are photosynthetic organisms that can be unicellular or multicellular. They are found in water and damp places.
- Archaea (pronounced: /ɑːrˈkiːə/): These are single-celled organisms that are similar to bacteria but differ in their metabolism. They are often found in extreme environments.
Related Terms
- Pathogen: A microorganism that can cause disease.
- Probiotic: A beneficial microorganism, often used in food and supplements.
- Eukaryote: An organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles.
- Prokaryote: An organism that lacks a nucleus and other organelles.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Microorganisms
- Wikipedia's article - Microorganisms
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