Inherited disorders of trafficking

Inherited disorders of trafficking (IDT) are a family of disorders that involve vesicular delivery of proteins.<ref name="pmid17526798">,

 Cargos and genes: insights into vesicular transport from inherited human disease, 
 Journal of Medical Genetics, 
 2007,
 Vol. 44(Issue: 9),
 pp. 545–55,
 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2007.050294,
 PMID: 17526798,
 PMC: 2597945,</ref>

They were characterized in 1975.<ref name="pmid1096303">,

 Intracellular aspects of the process of protein synthesis, 
 Science, 
 1975,
 Vol. 189(Issue: 4200),
 pp. 347–58,
 DOI: 10.1126/science.1096303,
 PMID: 1096303,</ref>

CEDNIK syndrome (Cerebral Dysgenesis, Neuropathy, Ichthyosis and Keratoderma Syndrome) is a rare inherited genetic skin condition (Genodermatosis) which has been associated with a loss-of-function mutation in SNAP29; SNAP29 is a member of the SNAP Receptor (SNARE) protein family.<ref name=":0">,

 CEDNIK syndrome results from loss-of-function mutations in SNAP29, 
 British Journal of Dermatology, 
 2011,
 Vol. 164(Issue: 3),
 pp. 610–6,
 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10133.x,
 PMID: 21073448,</ref> SNARE proteins assist with vesicle trafficking and are responsible for the fusion events between the membranes of vesicles and the membranes of their targets. There are two types of SNARE proteins, v-SNARE’s which are located on vesicle membranes, and t-SNARE’s that are located on target membranes.<ref>Lodish, H., Berk, A., Kaiser, C., Krieger, M., Bretscher, A., Ploegh, H., & Amon, A. (2013). Molecular Cell Biology (7th ed.). New York, NY: W. H. Freeman and Company.

</ref> SNAP29 is a t-SNARE, and as a t-SNARE, this protein must form a complex with v-SNARE’s for fusion of vesicles and secretion of their load to occur. A mutation/deficiency in this protein which occurs in patients with CEDNIK syndrome results in an impaired maturation and secretion of lamellar granules—these are vesicular structures derived from the Golgi.<ref name=":0" /> SNAP29 is necessary for proper epidermal differentiation.<ref name=":0" /> Mutations in SNAP29 result in problems with molecular trafficking and transport, and leads to CEDNIK syndrome.

References

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