Bulimia nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging

 This article is about the eating disorder.
   For the song by Nirvana, see Blew (song).

Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate methods of weight control, such as purging, fasting, excessive exercise, or the use of laxatives. This condition is often associated with a distorted body image and an intense fear of gaining weight.

Signs and Symptoms

Individuals with bulimia nervosa may exhibit a variety of physical and psychological symptoms. Common signs include:

• Recurrent episodes of binge eating, during which a person consumes an unusually large amount of food in a short period.
• A feeling of lack of control over eating during the binge episodes.
• Engaging in purging behaviors, such as self-induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives.
• Excessive concern with body weight and shape.

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  Dental enamel erosion due to repeated vomiting.

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  Physical signs of bulimia nervosa.

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  Oral manifestations of bulimia.

Causes

The exact cause of bulimia nervosa is unknown, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Risk factors include:

• Family history of eating disorders.
• Societal pressure to be thin.
• Low self-esteem and body dissatisfaction.
• History of trauma or abuse.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of bulimia nervosa is typically based on the criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). A healthcare provider will assess the frequency of binge-purge episodes and the presence of compensatory behaviors.

Treatment

Treatment for bulimia nervosa often involves a combination of psychotherapy, nutritional education, and medication. Common approaches include:

• Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to address distorted thinking patterns and behaviors.
• Nutritional counseling to establish healthy eating habits.
• Medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to help manage symptoms.

Complications

If left untreated, bulimia nervosa can lead to serious health complications, including:

• Electrolyte imbalances, which can cause heart problems.
• Gastrointestinal issues, such as acid reflux and esophageal tears.
• Severe dental problems due to repeated exposure to stomach acid.

• File:Is there a link between interoception and body image concerns?

  Research on interoception and body image concerns.

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, many individuals with bulimia nervosa can recover and lead healthy lives. However, some may experience relapses and require ongoing support.

Also see

• Anorexia nervosa
• Binge eating disorder
• Body dysmorphic disorder
• Eating disorder not otherwise specified