GFER syndrome

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC

GFER syndrome
Synonyms	Growth failure, mitochondrial; Mitochondrial myopathy and sideroblastic anemia
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	Medical genetics
Symptoms	Growth failure, muscle weakness, anemia, sideroblastic anemia
Complications	N/A
Onset	Infancy
Duration	Lifelong
Types	N/A
Causes	Mutations in the GFER gene
Risks	Family history of the condition
Diagnosis	Genetic testing, clinical evaluation
Differential diagnosis	Other forms of mitochondrial disease, anemia
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Supportive care, symptomatic treatment
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, depending on severity
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Rare genetic disorder

GFER syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a combination of neurological, muscular, and metabolic abnormalities. It is caused by mutations in the GFER gene, which plays a crucial role in mitochondrial function.

Genetics

GFER syndrome is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. This means that an individual must inherit two copies of the mutated gene, one from each parent, to be affected by the disorder. The GFER gene is responsible for encoding the growth factor, augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR), which is involved in the maintenance of mitochondrial function.

Pathophysiology

The GFER gene encodes a protein that is essential for the proper functioning of mitochondria, the energy-producing organelles in cells. Mutations in this gene lead to impaired mitochondrial function, which affects various systems in the body, particularly the nervous system and muscles. This results in the clinical manifestations observed in individuals with GFER syndrome.

Clinical Features

Individuals with GFER syndrome may present with a variety of symptoms, including:

• Neurological symptoms such as developmental delay, seizures, and ataxia.
• Muscular symptoms including muscle weakness and hypotonia.
• Metabolic abnormalities such as lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of GFER syndrome is based on clinical evaluation, family history, and genetic testing. Genetic testing can confirm the presence of mutations in the GFER gene. Additional tests may include MRI of the brain, muscle biopsy, and metabolic studies to assess mitochondrial function.

Management

Currently, there is no cure for GFER syndrome, and treatment is primarily supportive. Management strategies may include:

• Physical therapy to improve muscle strength and coordination.
• Anticonvulsant medications to control seizures.
• Nutritional support to manage metabolic abnormalities.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with GFER syndrome varies depending on the severity of the symptoms and the degree of mitochondrial dysfunction. Early diagnosis and supportive care can improve quality of life and outcomes for affected individuals.

See also

• Mitochondrial disease
• Genetic disorder
• Neuromuscular disease