Dysmenorrhea: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Dysmenorrhea | |||
| image = [[File:MenstrualCycle_gen.svg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Diagram of the [[menstrual cycle]] | |||
| field = [[Gynecology]] | |||
| synonyms = Menstrual cramps | |||
| symptoms = [[Pelvic pain]], [[lower back pain]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[diarrhea]], [[headache]] | |||
| onset = [[Menarche]] | |||
| duration = 1–3 days per menstrual cycle | |||
| types = [[Primary dysmenorrhea]], [[Secondary dysmenorrhea]] | |||
| causes = [[Prostaglandin]] release, [[endometriosis]], [[uterine fibroids]], [[adenomyosis]], [[pelvic inflammatory disease]] | |||
| risks = [[Early menarche]], [[heavy menstrual bleeding]], [[nulliparity]], [[smoking]] | |||
| diagnosis = Based on [[symptoms]] and [[medical history]] | |||
| differential = [[Ectopic pregnancy]], [[ovarian cyst]], [[pelvic inflammatory disease]] | |||
| prevention = [[Hormonal birth control]], [[NSAIDs]] | |||
| treatment = [[NSAIDs]], [[hormonal birth control]], [[heat therapy]], [[exercise]] | |||
| medication = [[Ibuprofen]], [[naproxen]], [[oral contraceptive pill]] | |||
| frequency = Common, affects up to 90% of [[adolescent]] females | |||
}} | |||
[[Dysmenorrhea]] is a medical term for painful menstruation, which interferes with daily activities. The severity of pain can range from mild to severe and is often accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and even diarrhea. | [[Dysmenorrhea]] is a medical term for painful menstruation, which interferes with daily activities. The severity of pain can range from mild to severe and is often accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and even diarrhea. | ||
==Types== | ==Types== | ||
* There are two types of dysmenorrhea: primary and secondary. | * There are two types of dysmenorrhea: primary and secondary. | ||
* '''Primary dysmenorrhea''' is menstrual pain not associated with any specific pelvic pathology. It often starts a few years after a girl starts menstruating, when ovulation begins. | * '''Primary dysmenorrhea''' is menstrual pain not associated with any specific pelvic pathology. It often starts a few years after a girl starts menstruating, when ovulation begins. | ||
* '''Secondary dysmenorrhea''' is menstrual pain that's attributed to an identifiable medical problem, such as endometriosis or uterine fibroids. | * '''Secondary dysmenorrhea''' is menstrual pain that's attributed to an identifiable medical problem, such as endometriosis or uterine fibroids. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The primary symptom of dysmenorrhea is pain concentrated in the lower abdomen, in the umbilical region, or the suprapubic region. It can be accompanied by other symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and diarrhea. | The primary symptom of dysmenorrhea is pain concentrated in the lower abdomen, in the umbilical region, or the suprapubic region. It can be accompanied by other symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and diarrhea. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatments for dysmenorrhea range from over-the-counter medication and lifestyle changes, such as improved diet and regular exercise, to prescription drugs and, in severe cases, surgery. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the primary over-the-counter medication used to relieve menstrual cramps. | Treatments for dysmenorrhea range from over-the-counter medication and lifestyle changes, such as improved diet and regular exercise, to prescription drugs and, in severe cases, surgery. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the primary over-the-counter medication used to relieve menstrual cramps. | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
While not all cases of dysmenorrhea can be prevented, maintaining a healthy lifestyle including regular exercise and a balanced diet can help reduce symptoms. The use of a heating pad on the lower abdomen may also provide some relief. | While not all cases of dysmenorrhea can be prevented, maintaining a healthy lifestyle including regular exercise and a balanced diet can help reduce symptoms. The use of a heating pad on the lower abdomen may also provide some relief. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
* [[Menstruation]] | * [[Menstruation]] | ||
| Line 20: | Line 35: | ||
* [[Uterine fibroids]] | * [[Uterine fibroids]] | ||
* [[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug]] | * [[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
* "Dysmenorrhea". Mayo Clinic. | * "Dysmenorrhea". Mayo Clinic. | ||
* "Dysmenorrhea". Johns Hopkins Medicine. | * "Dysmenorrhea". Johns Hopkins Medicine. | ||
* "Dysmenorrhea". American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. | * "Dysmenorrhea". American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
[[Dysmenorrhea - MedlinePlus]] | [[Dysmenorrhea - MedlinePlus]] | ||
Latest revision as of 19:16, 5 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics
| Dysmenorrhea | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Menstrual cramps |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Pelvic pain, lower back pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache |
| Complications | N/A |
| Onset | Menarche |
| Duration | 1–3 days per menstrual cycle |
| Types | Primary dysmenorrhea, Secondary dysmenorrhea |
| Causes | Prostaglandin release, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, adenomyosis, pelvic inflammatory disease |
| Risks | Early menarche, heavy menstrual bleeding, nulliparity, smoking |
| Diagnosis | Based on symptoms and medical history |
| Differential diagnosis | Ectopic pregnancy, ovarian cyst, pelvic inflammatory disease |
| Prevention | Hormonal birth control, NSAIDs |
| Treatment | NSAIDs, hormonal birth control, heat therapy, exercise |
| Medication | Ibuprofen, naproxen, oral contraceptive pill |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | Common, affects up to 90% of adolescent females |
| Deaths | N/A |
Dysmenorrhea is a medical term for painful menstruation, which interferes with daily activities. The severity of pain can range from mild to severe and is often accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and even diarrhea.
Types[edit]
- There are two types of dysmenorrhea: primary and secondary.
- Primary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain not associated with any specific pelvic pathology. It often starts a few years after a girl starts menstruating, when ovulation begins.
- Secondary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain that's attributed to an identifiable medical problem, such as endometriosis or uterine fibroids.
Symptoms[edit]
The primary symptom of dysmenorrhea is pain concentrated in the lower abdomen, in the umbilical region, or the suprapubic region. It can be accompanied by other symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and diarrhea.
Treatment[edit]
Treatments for dysmenorrhea range from over-the-counter medication and lifestyle changes, such as improved diet and regular exercise, to prescription drugs and, in severe cases, surgery. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the primary over-the-counter medication used to relieve menstrual cramps.
Prevention[edit]
While not all cases of dysmenorrhea can be prevented, maintaining a healthy lifestyle including regular exercise and a balanced diet can help reduce symptoms. The use of a heating pad on the lower abdomen may also provide some relief.
See Also[edit]
References[edit]
- "Dysmenorrhea". Mayo Clinic.
- "Dysmenorrhea". Johns Hopkins Medicine.
- "Dysmenorrhea". American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
External Links[edit]
Dysmenorrhea - MedlinePlus Dysmenorrhea - American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
