Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) /ˌɛnˌɛsˈeɪɪdz/ are a class of drugs that provide analgesic (pain-killing) and antipyretic (fever-reducing) effects, and, in higher doses, anti-inflammatory effects.

Etymology

The term "nonsteroidal" distinguishes these drugs from steroids, which, among a broad range of other effects, have a similar eicosanoid-depressing, anti-inflammatory action. The term "anti-inflammatory" denotes drugs that reduce inflammation.

Classification

NSAIDs are usually classified based on their mechanism of action. There are two main groups of NSAIDs: traditional NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors.

Traditional NSAIDs: This group includes drugs like ibuprofen, naproxen, and aspirin. They work by inhibiting the activity of both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, which are involved in inflammation.
COX-2 inhibitors: These drugs, such as celecoxib, selectively inhibit COX-2, an enzyme involved in inflammation. They are less likely to cause gastrointestinal side effects than traditional NSAIDs.

Uses

NSAIDs are used to treat a variety of conditions that cause pain and inflammation, including arthritis, menstrual pain, and headaches. They can also reduce fever.

Side Effects

Common side effects of NSAIDs include stomach upset, heartburn, and a rash. More serious side effects can include stomach ulcers, increased risk of heart attack, and kidney problems.

Related Terms

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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

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