Hypogammaglobulinemia: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Hypogammaglobulinemia | |||
| synonyms = [[Immunoglobulin deficiency]] | |||
| field = [[Immunology]] | |||
| symptoms = Recurrent [[infections]], [[sinusitis]], [[pneumonia]], [[bronchitis]] | |||
| complications = [[Chronic lung disease]], [[autoimmune disorders]] | |||
| onset = Variable, often in [[childhood]] | |||
| duration = Long-term | |||
| causes = [[Genetic disorders]], [[B-cell]] defects, [[unknown]] | |||
| risks = Family history of [[immunodeficiency]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Serum immunoglobulin]] levels, [[genetic testing]] | |||
| differential = [[Common variable immunodeficiency]], [[X-linked agammaglobulinemia]] | |||
| treatment = [[Immunoglobulin replacement therapy]], [[antibiotics]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on severity and treatment | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
'''Hypogammaglobulinemia''' is a medical condition characterized by a deficiency of [[gamma globulins]], including [[immunoglobulins]], in the blood. This can lead to an increased susceptibility to [[infection]]. | '''Hypogammaglobulinemia''' is a medical condition characterized by a deficiency of [[gamma globulins]], including [[immunoglobulins]], in the blood. This can lead to an increased susceptibility to [[infection]]. | ||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
Hypogammaglobulinemia can be caused by a variety of conditions, including: | Hypogammaglobulinemia can be caused by a variety of conditions, including: | ||
* [[Primary immunodeficiency diseases]] such as [[Common Variable Immunodeficiency]] (CVID) and [[X-linked agammaglobulinemia]] (XLA) | * [[Primary immunodeficiency diseases]] such as [[Common Variable Immunodeficiency]] (CVID) and [[X-linked agammaglobulinemia]] (XLA) | ||
* [[Secondary immunodeficiency]] due to conditions such as [[protein-losing enteropathy]], [[nephrotic syndrome]], and [[burns]] | * [[Secondary immunodeficiency]] due to conditions such as [[protein-losing enteropathy]], [[nephrotic syndrome]], and [[burns]] | ||
* Certain medications, including [[corticosteroids]], [[chemotherapy]] drugs, and [[immunosuppressants]] | * Certain medications, including [[corticosteroids]], [[chemotherapy]] drugs, and [[immunosuppressants]] | ||
* [[Malnutrition]] | * [[Malnutrition]] | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
The main symptom of hypogammaglobulinemia is an increased susceptibility to infections, particularly bacterial infections of the [[respiratory tract]] and [[gastrointestinal tract]]. Other symptoms can include: | The main symptom of hypogammaglobulinemia is an increased susceptibility to infections, particularly bacterial infections of the [[respiratory tract]] and [[gastrointestinal tract]]. Other symptoms can include: | ||
* [[Fatigue]] | * [[Fatigue]] | ||
* [[Weight loss]] | * [[Weight loss]] | ||
* [[Joint pain]] | * [[Joint pain]] | ||
* [[Skin rashes]] | * [[Skin rashes]] | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis of hypogammaglobulinemia typically involves blood tests to measure the levels of immunoglobulins. Other tests may include: | Diagnosis of hypogammaglobulinemia typically involves blood tests to measure the levels of immunoglobulins. Other tests may include: | ||
* [[Complete blood count]] (CBC) | * [[Complete blood count]] (CBC) | ||
* [[Urinalysis]] | * [[Urinalysis]] | ||
* [[Imaging studies]] such as [[chest X-ray]] or [[CT scan]] to identify any infections | * [[Imaging studies]] such as [[chest X-ray]] or [[CT scan]] to identify any infections | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment for hypogammaglobulinemia typically involves treating any underlying conditions and preventing infections. This may include: | Treatment for hypogammaglobulinemia typically involves treating any underlying conditions and preventing infections. This may include: | ||
* [[Immunoglobulin replacement therapy]] | * [[Immunoglobulin replacement therapy]] | ||
* [[Antibiotics]] to treat or prevent infections | * [[Antibiotics]] to treat or prevent infections | ||
* [[Vaccinations]] to prevent infections | * [[Vaccinations]] to prevent infections | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Immunodeficiency]] | * [[Immunodeficiency]] | ||
* [[Immunoglobulin therapy]] | * [[Immunoglobulin therapy]] | ||
* [[Primary immunodeficiency]] | * [[Primary immunodeficiency]] | ||
[[Category:Immunodeficiency]] | [[Category:Immunodeficiency]] | ||
[[Category:Blood disorders]] | [[Category:Blood disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Medical conditions]] | [[Category:Medical conditions]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
{{No image}} | {{No image}} | ||
Latest revision as of 03:28, 4 April 2025
| Hypogammaglobulinemia | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Immunoglobulin deficiency |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Recurrent infections, sinusitis, pneumonia, bronchitis |
| Complications | Chronic lung disease, autoimmune disorders |
| Onset | Variable, often in childhood |
| Duration | Long-term |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Genetic disorders, B-cell defects, unknown |
| Risks | Family history of immunodeficiency |
| Diagnosis | Serum immunoglobulin levels, genetic testing |
| Differential diagnosis | Common variable immunodeficiency, X-linked agammaglobulinemia |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Immunoglobulin replacement therapy, antibiotics |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on severity and treatment |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Hypogammaglobulinemia is a medical condition characterized by a deficiency of gamma globulins, including immunoglobulins, in the blood. This can lead to an increased susceptibility to infection.
Causes[edit]
Hypogammaglobulinemia can be caused by a variety of conditions, including:
- Primary immunodeficiency diseases such as Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) and X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA)
- Secondary immunodeficiency due to conditions such as protein-losing enteropathy, nephrotic syndrome, and burns
- Certain medications, including corticosteroids, chemotherapy drugs, and immunosuppressants
- Malnutrition
Symptoms[edit]
The main symptom of hypogammaglobulinemia is an increased susceptibility to infections, particularly bacterial infections of the respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract. Other symptoms can include:
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of hypogammaglobulinemia typically involves blood tests to measure the levels of immunoglobulins. Other tests may include:
- Complete blood count (CBC)
- Urinalysis
- Imaging studies such as chest X-ray or CT scan to identify any infections
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for hypogammaglobulinemia typically involves treating any underlying conditions and preventing infections. This may include:
- Immunoglobulin replacement therapy
- Antibiotics to treat or prevent infections
- Vaccinations to prevent infections
