Dinitro-ortho-cresol: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 16:32, 16 February 2025

Dinitro-ortho-cresol[edit]

Structural formula of Dinitro-ortho-cresol

Dinitro-ortho-cresol (DNOC) is a chemical compound that belongs to the class of dinitrophenols. It is primarily used as a herbicide and insecticide. DNOC is known for its yellow crystalline appearance and is recognized for its role in agricultural applications.

Chemical Structure and Properties[edit]

Dinitro-ortho-cresol is chemically known as 2-Methyl-3,5-dinitrophenol. The molecular formula of DNOC is C₇H₆N₂O₅. The compound consists of a phenolic ring with two nitro groups (NO₂) and a methyl group (CH₃) attached to it. The presence of nitro groups contributes to its high reactivity and toxicity.

Uses[edit]

DNOC is used in agriculture as a herbicide to control a wide range of weeds. It is also employed as an insecticide to manage pest populations. Due to its effectiveness, DNOC has been utilized in various formulations for crop protection.

Toxicity and Safety[edit]

Dinitro-ortho-cresol is highly toxic to humans and animals. Exposure can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Symptoms of DNOC poisoning include headache, dizziness, nausea, and in severe cases, it can lead to metabolic acidosis and hyperthermia. Due to its toxicity, the use of DNOC is regulated in many countries, and safety precautions are necessary when handling this chemical.

Environmental Impact[edit]

The environmental impact of DNOC is significant due to its persistence and toxicity. It can contaminate soil and water, affecting non-target organisms. The compound is known to be harmful to aquatic life and can lead to long-term ecological damage.

Related Pages[edit]

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-'''Dinitro-ortho-cresol''' (DNOC) is an [[organic compound]] with the chemical formula C7H6N2O5. It is a yellow solid that is soluble in most organic solvents but not in water. DNOC is primarily used as a [[herbicide]], [[insecticide]], and [[fungicide]]. It belongs to the chemical class of [[nitrophenols]], which are phenols substituted with nitro groups.
+== Dinitro-ortho-cresol ==
-==Properties==
+[[File:2-Methyl-3,5-dinitrophenol.svg|thumb|right|Structural formula of Dinitro-ortho-cresol]]
-DNOC is characterized by its yellow color and crystalline form at room temperature. It has a melting point of 88-90°C. Being a nitrophenol, DNOC is acidic and can form salts with bases. Its solubility in water is limited, but it is readily soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone, and benzene.
-==Synthesis==
+'''Dinitro-ortho-cresol''' (DNOC) is a chemical compound that belongs to the class of [[dinitrophenols]]. It is primarily used as a herbicide and insecticide. DNOC is known for its yellow crystalline appearance and is recognized for its role in agricultural applications.
-DNOC is synthesized through the nitration of [[ortho-cresol]] with mixed [[nitric acid]] and [[sulfuric acid]]. The process involves careful control of temperature and acid concentrations to favor the formation of the dinitro product over other possible nitration products.
-==Uses==
+== Chemical Structure and Properties ==
-Historically, DNOC has been used in agriculture as a pesticide. It acts by uncoupling [[oxidative phosphorylation]] in mitochondria, leading to the inefficient use of energy in cellular respiration. This mechanism is effective against a wide range of pests, including insects, mites, and fungi. However, due to its high toxicity to humans and non-target species, its use has been significantly restricted or banned in many countries.
-===Agricultural Use===
+Dinitro-ortho-cresol is chemically known as 2-Methyl-3,5-dinitrophenol. The molecular formula of DNOC is C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>6</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>. The compound consists of a phenolic ring with two nitro groups (NO<sub>2</sub>) and a methyl group (CH<sub>3</sub>) attached to it. The presence of nitro groups contributes to its high reactivity and toxicity.
-In agriculture, DNOC was applied to control a variety of pests and diseases on crops such as fruits, vegetables, and cereals. It was also used as a dormant spray on fruit trees to control overwintering pests and diseases.
-===Safety and Environmental Concerns===
+== Uses ==
-The use of DNOC poses significant health risks, including the potential for skin and eye irritation, respiratory distress, and more severe systemic effects such as convulsions and coma with high levels of exposure. Its environmental impact is also of concern, particularly its toxicity to aquatic life and potential to contaminate water sources.
-==Regulation==
+DNOC is used in agriculture as a [[herbicide]] to control a wide range of weeds. It is also employed as an [[insecticide]] to manage pest populations. Due to its effectiveness, DNOC has been utilized in various formulations for crop protection.
-Due to these health and environmental risks, the use of DNOC is highly regulated. In the European Union, DNOC is banned for use as a pesticide under the [[Directive 2009/128/EC]] on the sustainable use of pesticides. Similar restrictions apply in other regions, reflecting the global move towards safer and more sustainable pest control methods.
+== Toxicity and Safety ==
+Dinitro-ortho-cresol is highly toxic to humans and animals. Exposure can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Symptoms of DNOC poisoning include headache, dizziness, nausea, and in severe cases, it can lead to [[metabolic acidosis]] and [[hyperthermia]]. Due to its toxicity, the use of DNOC is regulated in many countries, and safety precautions are necessary when handling this chemical.
+== Environmental Impact ==
+The environmental impact of DNOC is significant due to its persistence and toxicity. It can contaminate soil and water, affecting non-target organisms. The compound is known to be harmful to aquatic life and can lead to long-term ecological damage.
+== Related Pages ==
-==See Also==
-* [[Pesticide]]
 * [[Herbicide]]
 * [[Insecticide]]
-* [[Fungicide]]
+* [[Dinitrophenol]]
-* [[Nitrophenols]]
+* [[Toxicology]]
-==References==
-<references/>
-[[Category:Organic compounds]]
+{{Chemistry}}
-[[Category:Pesticides]]
+{{Pesticides}}
-[[Category:Environmental chemistry]]
-[[Category:Toxicology]]
-{{Chem-stub}}
+[[Category:Herbicides]]
+[[Category:Insecticides]]
+[[Category:Nitro compounds]]