Chlorodihydrocodide: Difference between revisions

Chlorodihydrocodide
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Latest revision as of 06:47, 16 February 2025

A semi-synthetic opioid analgesic

Chlorodihydrocodide is a semi-synthetic opioid derived from codeine. It is primarily used for its analgesic properties in the management of moderate to severe pain. As a member of the opioid class, it acts on the central nervous system to produce pain relief, sedation, and euphoria.

Chemical Structure[edit]

Structural formula of Chlorodihydrocodide

Chlorodihydrocodide is chemically related to morphine and codeine, sharing the core morphinan structure. The presence of a chlorine atom distinguishes it from other opioids, potentially affecting its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

Pharmacology[edit]

Chlorodihydrocodide exerts its effects by binding to the mu-opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord. This binding inhibits the transmission of pain signals and alters the perception of pain. The drug also affects the dopaminergic system, contributing to its potential for addiction.

Metabolism[edit]

The metabolism of chlorodihydrocodide occurs primarily in the liver, where it is converted into various metabolites. These metabolites are then excreted through the kidneys. The metabolic pathway involves cytochrome P450 enzymes, which are responsible for the biotransformation of many drugs.

Medical Uses[edit]

Chlorodihydrocodide is indicated for the relief of moderate to severe pain where alternative treatments are inadequate. It is often used in a clinical setting under strict medical supervision due to its potential for abuse and dependence.

Side Effects[edit]

Common side effects of chlorodihydrocodide include nausea, vomiting, constipation, and drowsiness. More serious side effects can include respiratory depression, hypotension, and allergic reactions.

Regulation[edit]

Due to its potential for abuse, chlorodihydrocodide is classified as a controlled substance in many countries. Its use is strictly regulated, and it is typically available only by prescription.

Related pages[edit]

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-'''Chlorodihydrocodeine''' is a synthetic [[opioid]] analgesic, belonging to the class of organic compounds known as opioids. It is used primarily in the treatment of moderate to severe [[pain]], as well as in the management of [[cough]] suppression. This drug acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain, and its cough suppressant properties are due to its action on the brain area that controls coughing. Chlorodihydrocodeine is similar in structure and function to other opioid analgesics such as [[codeine]] and [[dihydrocodeine]], but it has been modified by the addition of chlorine to its structure, which can affect its pharmacological properties.
+{{Short description|A semi-synthetic opioid analgesic}}
+{{Drugbox
+| verifiedfields = changed
+| verifiedrevid = 477002123
+| image = Chlorodihydrocodide.svg
+| image_size = 200px
+| image_alt = Structural formula of Chlorodihydrocodide
+| IUPAC_name = (5_,6_)-7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-yl chloride
+}}
+'''Chlorodihydrocodide''' is a [[semi-synthetic opioid]] derived from [[codeine]]. It is primarily used for its [[analgesic]] properties in the management of moderate to severe pain. As a member of the [[opioid]] class, it acts on the [[central nervous system]] to produce pain relief, sedation, and euphoria.
+==Chemical Structure==
+[[File:Chlorodihydrocodide.svg|thumb|right|200px|Structural formula of Chlorodihydrocodide]]
+Chlorodihydrocodide is chemically related to [[morphine]] and [[codeine]], sharing the core [[morphinan]] structure. The presence of a chlorine atom distinguishes it from other opioids, potentially affecting its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
 ==Pharmacology==
-The pharmacological action of chlorodihydrocodeine is primarily through its binding to the mu-opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord. This binding mimics the action of endogenous opioid peptides, leading to analgesic effects and suppression of cough reflex. Like other opioids, the use of chlorodihydrocodeine can lead to tolerance, dependence, and, potentially, addiction if misused or abused.
+Chlorodihydrocodide exerts its effects by binding to the [[mu-opioid receptor]]s in the brain and spinal cord. This binding inhibits the transmission of [[pain]] signals and alters the perception of pain. The drug also affects the [[dopaminergic system]], contributing to its potential for [[addiction]].
+===Metabolism===
+The metabolism of chlorodihydrocodide occurs primarily in the [[liver]], where it is converted into various metabolites. These metabolites are then excreted through the [[kidneys]]. The metabolic pathway involves [[cytochrome P450]] enzymes, which are responsible for the [[biotransformation]] of many drugs.
-==Indications==
+==Medical Uses==
-Chlorodihydrocodeine is indicated for the relief of moderate to severe pain where the use of an opioid analgesic is appropriate. It is also used as a cough suppressant in certain formulations, particularly in cases where non-opioid treatments have been ineffective.
+Chlorodihydrocodide is indicated for the relief of moderate to severe pain where alternative treatments are inadequate. It is often used in a [[clinical setting]] under strict medical supervision due to its potential for [[abuse]] and [[dependence]].
 ==Side Effects==
-The side effects of chlorodihydrocodeine are similar to those of other opioids and may include [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[dizziness]], [[constipation]], and [[sedation]]. Respiratory depression is a serious side effect that can occur with high doses or in individuals with compromised respiratory function. As with other opioids, there is a risk of developing tolerance, dependence, and addiction.
+Common side effects of chlorodihydrocodide include [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[constipation]], and [[drowsiness]]. More serious side effects can include [[respiratory depression]], [[hypotension]], and [[allergic reactions]].
-==Contraindications==
-Chlorodihydrocodeine is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug, in situations where respiratory function is severely compromised, and in patients with acute or severe bronchial asthma in an unmonitored setting or in the absence of resuscitative equipment. It should be used with caution in patients with a history of substance abuse or mental illness.
-==Chemistry==
+==Regulation==
-Chlorodihydrocodeine is chemically related to codeine and dihydrocodeine, with the addition of a chlorine atom. This modification can alter its pharmacokinetic properties, potentially affecting its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
+Due to its potential for abuse, chlorodihydrocodide is classified as a [[controlled substance]] in many countries. Its use is strictly regulated, and it is typically available only by [[prescription]].
-==Legal Status==
+==Related pages==
-The legal status of chlorodihydrocodeine varies by country. In some jurisdictions, it is classified as a controlled substance due to its potential for abuse and dependence.
+* [[Opioid]]
+* [[Codeine]]
+* [[Morphine]]
+* [[Analgesic]]
+* [[Addiction]]
 [[Category:Opioids]]
 [[Category:Analgesics]]
-[[Category:Antitussives]]
+[[Category:Controlled substances]]
-{{pharma-stub}}