Abdominal tuberculosis: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Abdominal tuberculosis | |||
| image = [[File:Tuberculosis_of_ileum_showing_serosal_tubercles.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Tuberculosis of ileum showing serosal tubercles | |||
| field = [[Infectious disease]] | |||
| synonyms = Tuberculous peritonitis, tuberculous enteritis | |||
| symptoms = [[Abdominal pain]], [[fever]], [[weight loss]], [[night sweats]], [[ascites]] | |||
| complications = [[Bowel obstruction]], [[perforation]], [[abscess]] | |||
| onset = Gradual | |||
| duration = Weeks to months | |||
| causes = [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]] | |||
| risks = [[HIV/AIDS]], [[immunosuppression]], [[malnutrition]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[CT scan]], [[ultrasound]], [[biopsy]], [[culture]] | |||
| differential = [[Crohn's disease]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[carcinomatosis]] | |||
| treatment = [[Antitubercular therapy]] (e.g., [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[ethambutol]], [[pyrazinamide]]) | |||
| medication = [[Antibiotics]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on early diagnosis and treatment | |||
| frequency = More common in developing countries | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|Infectious disease affecting the abdominal organs}} | {{Short description|Infectious disease affecting the abdominal organs}} | ||
'''Abdominal tuberculosis''' is a form of [[tuberculosis]] that affects the [[abdominal cavity]] and its associated organs. It is caused by the bacterium ''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]'', which primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body, including the abdomen. This condition is a significant health concern in regions where tuberculosis is prevalent. | '''Abdominal tuberculosis''' is a form of [[tuberculosis]] that affects the [[abdominal cavity]] and its associated organs. It is caused by the bacterium ''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]'', which primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body, including the abdomen. This condition is a significant health concern in regions where tuberculosis is prevalent. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
Abdominal tuberculosis can involve various parts of the abdomen, including the [[peritoneum]], [[gastrointestinal tract]], [[lymph nodes]], and [[solid organs]] such as the [[liver]] and [[spleen]]. The infection typically spreads to the abdomen through the bloodstream, lymphatic system, or by direct extension from adjacent infected organs. | Abdominal tuberculosis can involve various parts of the abdomen, including the [[peritoneum]], [[gastrointestinal tract]], [[lymph nodes]], and [[solid organs]] such as the [[liver]] and [[spleen]]. The infection typically spreads to the abdomen through the bloodstream, lymphatic system, or by direct extension from adjacent infected organs. | ||
The most common form of abdominal tuberculosis is [[peritoneal tuberculosis]], which affects the lining of the abdominal cavity. The [[gastrointestinal tract]] is the next most commonly involved site, with the [[ileocecal region]] being the most frequently affected area. The infection can lead to the formation of [[granulomas]], [[caseous necrosis]], and [[fibrosis]], which can cause obstruction, perforation, or bleeding. | The most common form of abdominal tuberculosis is [[peritoneal tuberculosis]], which affects the lining of the abdominal cavity. The [[gastrointestinal tract]] is the next most commonly involved site, with the [[ileocecal region]] being the most frequently affected area. The infection can lead to the formation of [[granulomas]], [[caseous necrosis]], and [[fibrosis]], which can cause obstruction, perforation, or bleeding. | ||
==Clinical Presentation== | ==Clinical Presentation== | ||
Patients with abdominal tuberculosis may present with a variety of symptoms, which can be non-specific and mimic other conditions. Common symptoms include: | Patients with abdominal tuberculosis may present with a variety of symptoms, which can be non-specific and mimic other conditions. Common symptoms include: | ||
* Abdominal pain | * Abdominal pain | ||
* Weight loss | * Weight loss | ||
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* Anorexia | * Anorexia | ||
* Diarrhea or constipation | * Diarrhea or constipation | ||
Physical examination may reveal abdominal tenderness, ascites, or palpable masses. In some cases, patients may present with complications such as intestinal obstruction or perforation. | Physical examination may reveal abdominal tenderness, ascites, or palpable masses. In some cases, patients may present with complications such as intestinal obstruction or perforation. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosing abdominal tuberculosis can be challenging due to its non-specific symptoms and the need to differentiate it from other abdominal conditions. Diagnostic methods include: | Diagnosing abdominal tuberculosis can be challenging due to its non-specific symptoms and the need to differentiate it from other abdominal conditions. Diagnostic methods include: | ||
* [[Tuberculin skin test]] or [[interferon-gamma release assays]] | * [[Tuberculin skin test]] or [[interferon-gamma release assays]] | ||
* Imaging studies such as [[ultrasound]], [[CT scan]], or [[MRI]] | * Imaging studies such as [[ultrasound]], [[CT scan]], or [[MRI]] | ||
| Line 30: | Line 40: | ||
* Biopsy of affected tissues for histopathological examination | * Biopsy of affected tissues for histopathological examination | ||
* Microbiological cultures or [[polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR) for ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' | * Microbiological cultures or [[polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR) for ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' | ||
[[File:Mycobacterial_Infection,_Duodenum_(4401445363).jpg|Mycobacterial infection in the duodenum|thumb|left]] | [[File:Mycobacterial_Infection,_Duodenum_(4401445363).jpg|Mycobacterial infection in the duodenum|thumb|left]] | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
The treatment of abdominal tuberculosis involves a combination of [[antitubercular therapy]] (ATT) drugs, which typically include: | The treatment of abdominal tuberculosis involves a combination of [[antitubercular therapy]] (ATT) drugs, which typically include: | ||
* [[Isoniazid]] | * [[Isoniazid]] | ||
* [[Rifampicin]] | * [[Rifampicin]] | ||
* [[Pyrazinamide]] | * [[Pyrazinamide]] | ||
* [[Ethambutol]] | * [[Ethambutol]] | ||
The standard duration of treatment is usually 6 to 9 months, but it may be extended in cases of drug-resistant tuberculosis or complications. Surgical intervention may be necessary in cases of intestinal obstruction, perforation, or abscess formation. | The standard duration of treatment is usually 6 to 9 months, but it may be extended in cases of drug-resistant tuberculosis or complications. Surgical intervention may be necessary in cases of intestinal obstruction, perforation, or abscess formation. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for abdominal tuberculosis is generally good. However, delayed diagnosis and treatment can lead to complications and increased morbidity. Early recognition and management are crucial to prevent long-term sequelae. | With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for abdominal tuberculosis is generally good. However, delayed diagnosis and treatment can lead to complications and increased morbidity. Early recognition and management are crucial to prevent long-term sequelae. | ||
==See also== | |||
== | |||
* [[Tuberculosis]] | * [[Tuberculosis]] | ||
* [[Peritoneal tuberculosis]] | * [[Peritoneal tuberculosis]] | ||
* [[Gastrointestinal tuberculosis]] | * [[Gastrointestinal tuberculosis]] | ||
* [[Extrapulmonary tuberculosis]] | * [[Extrapulmonary tuberculosis]] | ||
[[Category:Tuberculosis]] | [[Category:Tuberculosis]] | ||
[[Category:Infectious diseases]] | [[Category:Infectious diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Abdominal disorders]] | [[Category:Abdominal disorders]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:59, 5 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Abdominal tuberculosis | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Tuberculous peritonitis, tuberculous enteritis |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Abdominal pain, fever, weight loss, night sweats, ascites |
| Complications | Bowel obstruction, perforation, abscess |
| Onset | Gradual |
| Duration | Weeks to months |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| Risks | HIV/AIDS, immunosuppression, malnutrition |
| Diagnosis | CT scan, ultrasound, biopsy, culture |
| Differential diagnosis | Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, carcinomatosis |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Antitubercular therapy (e.g., isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide) |
| Medication | Antibiotics |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on early diagnosis and treatment |
| Frequency | More common in developing countries |
| Deaths | N/A |
Infectious disease affecting the abdominal organs
Abdominal tuberculosis is a form of tuberculosis that affects the abdominal cavity and its associated organs. It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body, including the abdomen. This condition is a significant health concern in regions where tuberculosis is prevalent.
Pathophysiology[edit]
Abdominal tuberculosis can involve various parts of the abdomen, including the peritoneum, gastrointestinal tract, lymph nodes, and solid organs such as the liver and spleen. The infection typically spreads to the abdomen through the bloodstream, lymphatic system, or by direct extension from adjacent infected organs. The most common form of abdominal tuberculosis is peritoneal tuberculosis, which affects the lining of the abdominal cavity. The gastrointestinal tract is the next most commonly involved site, with the ileocecal region being the most frequently affected area. The infection can lead to the formation of granulomas, caseous necrosis, and fibrosis, which can cause obstruction, perforation, or bleeding.
Clinical Presentation[edit]
Patients with abdominal tuberculosis may present with a variety of symptoms, which can be non-specific and mimic other conditions. Common symptoms include:
- Abdominal pain
- Weight loss
- Fever
- Night sweats
- Anorexia
- Diarrhea or constipation
Physical examination may reveal abdominal tenderness, ascites, or palpable masses. In some cases, patients may present with complications such as intestinal obstruction or perforation.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosing abdominal tuberculosis can be challenging due to its non-specific symptoms and the need to differentiate it from other abdominal conditions. Diagnostic methods include:
- Tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assays
- Imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI
- Endoscopic procedures like colonoscopy or esophagogastroduodenoscopy
- Biopsy of affected tissues for histopathological examination
- Microbiological cultures or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Treatment[edit]
The treatment of abdominal tuberculosis involves a combination of antitubercular therapy (ATT) drugs, which typically include:
The standard duration of treatment is usually 6 to 9 months, but it may be extended in cases of drug-resistant tuberculosis or complications. Surgical intervention may be necessary in cases of intestinal obstruction, perforation, or abscess formation.
Prognosis[edit]
With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for abdominal tuberculosis is generally good. However, delayed diagnosis and treatment can lead to complications and increased morbidity. Early recognition and management are crucial to prevent long-term sequelae.
