Tuberculous lymphadenitis: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Tuberculous lymphadenitis | |||
| image = [[File:Tubercular_adinitis_with_sinus.JPG|250px]] | |||
| caption = Tubercular lymphadenitis with sinus | |||
| field = [[Infectious disease]] | |||
| synonyms = Scrofula | |||
| symptoms = [[Swollen lymph nodes]], [[fever]], [[night sweats]], [[weight loss]] | |||
| complications = [[Abscess]], [[fistula]] | |||
| onset = Gradual | |||
| duration = Weeks to months | |||
| causes = [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]] | |||
| risks = [[HIV/AIDS]], [[immunosuppression]], [[malnutrition]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Tuberculin skin test]], [[Interferon gamma release assay]], [[biopsy]] | |||
| differential = [[Lymphoma]], [[cat-scratch disease]], [[sarcoidosis]] | |||
| prevention = [[BCG vaccine]], [[tuberculosis control]] | |||
| treatment = [[Antitubercular therapy]] | |||
| medication = [[Isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[ethambutol]], [[pyrazinamide]] | |||
| prognosis = Generally good with treatment | |||
| frequency = Common in developing countries | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|A form of tuberculosis affecting the lymph nodes}} | {{Short description|A form of tuberculosis affecting the lymph nodes}} | ||
'''Tuberculous lymphadenitis''', also known as '''tubercular adenitis''', is a form of [[tuberculosis]] that affects the [[lymph nodes]]. It is the most common form of [[extrapulmonary tuberculosis]]. | '''Tuberculous lymphadenitis''', also known as '''tubercular adenitis''', is a form of [[tuberculosis]] that affects the [[lymph nodes]]. It is the most common form of [[extrapulmonary tuberculosis]]. | ||
==Signs and symptoms== | ==Signs and symptoms== | ||
The primary symptom of tuberculous lymphadenitis is the swelling of the lymph nodes, particularly in the neck region, known as [[cervical lymphadenopathy]]. The affected lymph nodes may become matted and can form a sinus tract, leading to the discharge of pus. Other symptoms may include fever, night sweats, weight loss, and fatigue. | The primary symptom of tuberculous lymphadenitis is the swelling of the lymph nodes, particularly in the neck region, known as [[cervical lymphadenopathy]]. The affected lymph nodes may become matted and can form a sinus tract, leading to the discharge of pus. Other symptoms may include fever, night sweats, weight loss, and fatigue. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Tuberculous lymphadenitis is caused by the bacterium ''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]''. The infection typically spreads from a primary site, such as the lungs, to the lymph nodes through the lymphatic system or bloodstream. | Tuberculous lymphadenitis is caused by the bacterium ''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]''. The infection typically spreads from a primary site, such as the lungs, to the lymph nodes through the lymphatic system or bloodstream. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. [[Fine needle aspiration]] or excisional biopsy of the lymph node may be performed to obtain samples for [[histopathology]] and [[culture]]. [[Polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR) tests can also be used to detect the presence of ''M. tuberculosis'' DNA. | Diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. [[Fine needle aspiration]] or excisional biopsy of the lymph node may be performed to obtain samples for [[histopathology]] and [[culture]]. [[Polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR) tests can also be used to detect the presence of ''M. tuberculosis'' DNA. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
The treatment of tuberculous lymphadenitis involves a course of [[antitubercular therapy]] (ATT), which typically includes a combination of drugs such as [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[ethambutol]], and [[pyrazinamide]]. The duration of treatment is usually six months, but it may be extended in certain cases. | The treatment of tuberculous lymphadenitis involves a course of [[antitubercular therapy]] (ATT), which typically includes a combination of drugs such as [[isoniazid]], [[rifampicin]], [[ethambutol]], and [[pyrazinamide]]. The duration of treatment is usually six months, but it may be extended in certain cases. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for tuberculous lymphadenitis is generally good. However, untreated or inadequately treated cases can lead to complications such as the formation of abscesses or sinus tracts. | With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for tuberculous lymphadenitis is generally good. However, untreated or inadequately treated cases can lead to complications such as the formation of abscesses or sinus tracts. | ||
==Epidemiology== | ==Epidemiology== | ||
Tuberculous lymphadenitis is more prevalent in regions with high rates of tuberculosis, such as parts of [[Africa]], [[Asia]], and [[Latin America]]. It is also more common in individuals with [[HIV/AIDS]] due to their compromised immune systems. | Tuberculous lymphadenitis is more prevalent in regions with high rates of tuberculosis, such as parts of [[Africa]], [[Asia]], and [[Latin America]]. It is also more common in individuals with [[HIV/AIDS]] due to their compromised immune systems. | ||
==See also== | |||
== | |||
* [[Tuberculosis]] | * [[Tuberculosis]] | ||
* [[Extrapulmonary tuberculosis]] | * [[Extrapulmonary tuberculosis]] | ||
* [[Lymphadenopathy]] | * [[Lymphadenopathy]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Tuberculosis]] | [[Category:Tuberculosis]] | ||
[[Category:Lymphatic system disorders]] | [[Category:Lymphatic system disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Infectious diseases]] | [[Category:Infectious diseases]] | ||
Latest revision as of 06:53, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
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| Tuberculous lymphadenitis | |
|---|---|
| File:Tubercular adinitis with sinus.JPG | |
| Synonyms | Scrofula |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Swollen lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, weight loss |
| Complications | Abscess, fistula |
| Onset | Gradual |
| Duration | Weeks to months |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| Risks | HIV/AIDS, immunosuppression, malnutrition |
| Diagnosis | Tuberculin skin test, Interferon gamma release assay, biopsy |
| Differential diagnosis | Lymphoma, cat-scratch disease, sarcoidosis |
| Prevention | BCG vaccine, tuberculosis control |
| Treatment | Antitubercular therapy |
| Medication | Isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment |
| Frequency | Common in developing countries |
| Deaths | N/A |
A form of tuberculosis affecting the lymph nodes
Tuberculous lymphadenitis, also known as tubercular adenitis, is a form of tuberculosis that affects the lymph nodes. It is the most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Signs and symptoms[edit]
The primary symptom of tuberculous lymphadenitis is the swelling of the lymph nodes, particularly in the neck region, known as cervical lymphadenopathy. The affected lymph nodes may become matted and can form a sinus tract, leading to the discharge of pus. Other symptoms may include fever, night sweats, weight loss, and fatigue.
Causes[edit]
Tuberculous lymphadenitis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The infection typically spreads from a primary site, such as the lungs, to the lymph nodes through the lymphatic system or bloodstream.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Fine needle aspiration or excisional biopsy of the lymph node may be performed to obtain samples for histopathology and culture. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests can also be used to detect the presence of M. tuberculosis DNA.
Treatment[edit]
The treatment of tuberculous lymphadenitis involves a course of antitubercular therapy (ATT), which typically includes a combination of drugs such as isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. The duration of treatment is usually six months, but it may be extended in certain cases.
Prognosis[edit]
With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for tuberculous lymphadenitis is generally good. However, untreated or inadequately treated cases can lead to complications such as the formation of abscesses or sinus tracts.
Epidemiology[edit]
Tuberculous lymphadenitis is more prevalent in regions with high rates of tuberculosis, such as parts of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. It is also more common in individuals with HIV/AIDS due to their compromised immune systems.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
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