Diabetes and deafness: Difference between revisions

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'''Diabetes and deafness''' (DAD) or '''maternally inherited diabetes and deafness''' (MIDD) is a subtype of diabetes which is caused from a point mutation at position 3243 in human mitochondrial DNA, which is transmitted from the mother and can either present with deafness or diabetes.
{{SI}}
 
{{Infobox medical condition
== Symptoms ==
| name            = Diabetes and deafness
The symptoms of DAD are similar to other forms of diabetes, but with the added complication of hearing loss. These symptoms can include:
| image          = [[File:Mitochondrial_inheritance.svg|250px]]
 
| caption        = Mitochondrial inheritance pattern
* Frequent urination
| field          = [[Endocrinology]], [[Otolaryngology]]
* Excessive thirst
| symptoms        = [[Hyperglycemia]], [[Hearing loss]]
* Unexplained weight loss
| complications  = [[Cardiovascular disease]], [[Neuropathy]], [[Retinopathy]]
* Extreme hunger
| onset          = Varies, often in [[adulthood]]
* Sudden vision changes
| duration        = [[Chronic (medicine)|Chronic]]
* Tingling or numbness in hands or feet
| causes          = [[Genetic mutation]] in [[mitochondrial DNA]]
* Feeling very tired much of the time
| risks          = Family history of [[mitochondrial disorders]]
* Very dry skin
| diagnosis      = [[Genetic testing]], [[Audiometry]], [[Blood glucose test]]
* Sores that are slow to heal
| differential    = [[Type 1 diabetes]], [[Type 2 diabetes]], [[Syndromic deafness]]
* More infections than usual
| treatment      = [[Insulin therapy]], [[Hearing aids]], [[Cochlear implants]]
 
| prognosis      = Varies, depends on management of symptoms
== Causes ==
| frequency      = Rare
DAD is caused by a mutation in the mitochondrial DNA, which is only passed on from the mother. This mutation can either present as diabetes or deafness.
}}
 
'''Diabetes and deafness''' is a condition that is often associated with certain genetic syndromes, particularly those involving [[mitochondrial inheritance]]. This condition can manifest as part of a syndrome where both [[diabetes mellitus]] and [[sensorineural hearing loss]] are present.
== Diagnosis ==
=== Mitochondrial Inheritance ===
Diagnosis of DAD is based on the clinical symptoms of diabetes and deafness, along with genetic testing to confirm the presence of the mitochondrial mutation.
Diabetes and deafness can be linked to mutations in the [[mitochondrial DNA]] (mtDNA). Mitochondria are the energy-producing organelles within cells, and they have their own DNA, which is inherited maternally. This means that conditions caused by mutations in mtDNA, such as diabetes and deafness, are passed from mothers to their children.
 
Mitochondrial inheritance is characterized by the fact that only the [[ovum]] contributes mitochondria to the embryo, while the [[sperm]] does not. Therefore, all offspring of an affected mother may inherit the condition, while none of the offspring of an affected father will.
== Treatment ==
=== Clinical Features ===
Treatment for DAD is similar to other forms of diabetes, which can include diet and exercise, oral medications, and insulin therapy. The deafness is usually treated with hearing aids.
The combination of diabetes and deafness can be seen in several mitochondrial syndromes, such as [[Maternally Inherited Diabetes and Deafness]] (MIDD). In these cases, diabetes is typically of the [[non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]] (NIDDM) type, although it can progress to require insulin treatment.
 
The hearing loss associated with these conditions is usually sensorineural, meaning it is due to problems in the inner ear or the auditory nerve. This type of hearing loss is often progressive and can vary in severity.
=== Genetic Mutations ===
Several specific mutations in the mitochondrial genome have been associated with diabetes and deafness. One of the most common mutations is the A3243G mutation in the [[MT-TL1]] gene, which affects the [[tRNA]] for leucine. This mutation is also associated with other mitochondrial disorders, such as [[MELAS syndrome]] (Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like episodes).
=== Diagnosis and Management ===
Diagnosis of diabetes and deafness due to mitochondrial mutations involves genetic testing to identify specific mtDNA mutations. Management of the condition includes regular monitoring and treatment of diabetes, as well as audiological assessments and interventions for hearing loss.
=== Prognosis ===
The prognosis for individuals with diabetes and deafness due to mitochondrial mutations varies depending on the specific mutation and the severity of the symptoms. Early diagnosis and management can help improve quality of life and reduce complications.
== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Diabetes]]
* [[Deafness]]
* [[Mitochondrial disease]]
* [[Mitochondrial disease]]
 
* [[Diabetes mellitus]]
{{stub}}
* [[Hearing loss]]
 
* [[Genetic disorders]]
{{Mitochondrial diseases}}
{{Mitochondrial diseases}}
[[Category:Genetic disorders]]
[[Category:Diabetes]]
[[Category:Diabetes]]
[[Category:Deafness]]
[[Category:Hearing loss]]
[[Category:Mitochondrial diseases]]
{{dictionary-stub1}}

Latest revision as of 18:26, 5 April 2025

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC

Diabetes and deafness
Synonyms N/A
Pronounce N/A
Specialty N/A
Symptoms Hyperglycemia, Hearing loss
Complications Cardiovascular disease, Neuropathy, Retinopathy
Onset Varies, often in adulthood
Duration Chronic
Types N/A
Causes Genetic mutation in mitochondrial DNA
Risks Family history of mitochondrial disorders
Diagnosis Genetic testing, Audiometry, Blood glucose test
Differential diagnosis Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, Syndromic deafness
Prevention N/A
Treatment Insulin therapy, Hearing aids, Cochlear implants
Medication N/A
Prognosis Varies, depends on management of symptoms
Frequency Rare
Deaths N/A


Diabetes and deafness is a condition that is often associated with certain genetic syndromes, particularly those involving mitochondrial inheritance. This condition can manifest as part of a syndrome where both diabetes mellitus and sensorineural hearing loss are present.

Mitochondrial Inheritance[edit]

Diabetes and deafness can be linked to mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Mitochondria are the energy-producing organelles within cells, and they have their own DNA, which is inherited maternally. This means that conditions caused by mutations in mtDNA, such as diabetes and deafness, are passed from mothers to their children. Mitochondrial inheritance is characterized by the fact that only the ovum contributes mitochondria to the embryo, while the sperm does not. Therefore, all offspring of an affected mother may inherit the condition, while none of the offspring of an affected father will.

Clinical Features[edit]

The combination of diabetes and deafness can be seen in several mitochondrial syndromes, such as Maternally Inherited Diabetes and Deafness (MIDD). In these cases, diabetes is typically of the non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) type, although it can progress to require insulin treatment. The hearing loss associated with these conditions is usually sensorineural, meaning it is due to problems in the inner ear or the auditory nerve. This type of hearing loss is often progressive and can vary in severity.

Genetic Mutations[edit]

Several specific mutations in the mitochondrial genome have been associated with diabetes and deafness. One of the most common mutations is the A3243G mutation in the MT-TL1 gene, which affects the tRNA for leucine. This mutation is also associated with other mitochondrial disorders, such as MELAS syndrome (Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like episodes).

Diagnosis and Management[edit]

Diagnosis of diabetes and deafness due to mitochondrial mutations involves genetic testing to identify specific mtDNA mutations. Management of the condition includes regular monitoring and treatment of diabetes, as well as audiological assessments and interventions for hearing loss.

Prognosis[edit]

The prognosis for individuals with diabetes and deafness due to mitochondrial mutations varies depending on the specific mutation and the severity of the symptoms. Early diagnosis and management can help improve quality of life and reduce complications.

See also[edit]

Mitochondrial diseases
Carbohydrate metabolism
Primarily nervous system
Myopathies
No primary system
Chromosomal
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