Urinary retention: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Inability to completely empty the bladder}}
{{SI}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
{{Infobox medical condition
| name            = Urinary retention
| name            = Urinary retention
| synonyms        = Ischuria, bladder failure, bladder obstruction
| image          = [[File:Harnverhalt.jpg|250px]]
| image          = Harnverhalt.jpg
| caption        = Ultrasound image showing urinary retention
| caption        = Urinary retention with greatly enlarged bladder as seen by [[CT scan]].
| field          = [[Urology]]
| field          = [[Emergency medicine]], [[urology]]
| synonyms        = Ischuria
| symptoms        = '''Sudden onset''': Inability to urinate, low abdominal pain<ref name=NIH2014/><br>'''Long term''': Frequent urination, loss of bladder control, [[urinary tract infection]]<ref name=NIH2014/>
| symptoms        = Inability to urinate, [[abdominal pain]], [[bladder distension]]
| complications  =
| complications  = [[Urinary tract infection]], [[bladder damage]], [[kidney damage]]
| onset          =
| onset          = Sudden or gradual
| duration        =
| duration        = Can be acute or chronic
| types          = Acute, chronic<ref name=NIH2014/>
| causes          = [[Prostate enlargement]], [[urethral stricture]], [[neurological disorders]], [[medications]]
| causes          = Blockage of the urethra, nerve problems, certain medications, weak bladder muscles<ref name=NIH2014/>
| risks          = [[Male gender]], [[older age]], [[surgery]], [[medications]]
| risks          =
| diagnosis      = [[Physical examination]], [[bladder scan]], [[ultrasound]]
| diagnosis      = Amount of urine in the bladder post urination<ref name=NIH2014/>
| differential    = [[Urinary incontinence]], [[bladder outlet obstruction]]
| differential    =
| treatment      = [[Catheterization]], [[medications]], [[surgery]]
| prevention      =
| medication      = [[Alpha blockers]], [[5-alpha-reductase inhibitors]]
| treatment      = [[urinary catheterization|Catheter]], [[urethral dilation]], [[urethral stents]], surgery<ref name=NIH2014/>
| frequency      = Common in older males
| medication      = [[Alpha blockers]] such as [[terazosin]], [[5α-reductase inhibitors]] such as [[finasteride]]<ref name=NIH2014/>
| prognosis      =
| frequency      = 6 per 1,000 per year (males > 40 years old)<ref name=NIH2014/>
| deaths          =
}}
}}
 
[[File:Sequence 02 1.ogv|Urinary retention|thumb|left]]
Accumulation of urine within the bladder because of the inability to urinate. Urinary retention can be acute—a sudden inability to urinate, or chronic—a gradual inability to completely empty the bladder of urine.
[[File:Urinaryobstruction.png|Urinary retention|thumb]]
 
[[File:Ultrasound of trabeculated urinary bladder.jpg|Urinary retention|thumb|left]]
Symptoms & Causes
Urinary retention is a medical condition characterized by the inability to empty the bladder completely. It can be acute or chronic and may result from a variety of causes, including obstruction, nerve problems, or medications.
The symptoms of urinary retention can range from severe abdominal pain and the inability to urinate, to few or no symptoms at all. Urinary retention results from either a blockage that partially or fully prevents the flow of urine, or your bladder not being able to maintain a strong enough force to expel all the urine.
==Causes==
 
Urinary retention can be caused by several factors, which can be broadly categorized into obstructive and non-obstructive causes.
===Obstructive Causes===
* [[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]] (BPH)
* [[Urethral stricture]]
* [[Bladder stones]]
* [[Tumors]] in the pelvic region
* [[Constipation]]
===Non-Obstructive Causes===
* [[Neurological disorders]] such as [[multiple sclerosis]], [[spinal cord injury]], or [[stroke]]
* [[Medications]] such as anticholinergics, antihistamines, and certain antidepressants
* [[Infections]] such as [[urinary tract infection]]
* [[Surgery]] affecting the pelvic region
==Symptoms==
The symptoms of urinary retention can vary depending on whether the condition is acute or chronic.
===Acute Urinary Retention===
* Sudden inability to urinate
* Severe pain in the lower abdomen
* Urgent need to urinate
* Swelling of the lower abdomen
===Chronic Urinary Retention===
* Frequent urination
* Difficulty starting urination
* Weak urine stream
* Feeling of incomplete bladder emptying
* Urinary incontinence
==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
Health care professionals use your medical history, a physical exam, and tests to help find the cause of urinary retention. Tests include postvoid residual urine measurement, lab tests, imaging tests, urodynamic tests, and cystoscopy.
Diagnosis of urinary retention involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests.
 
* [[Medical history]] and symptom review
* [[Physical examination]] including a digital rectal exam for men
* [[Bladder scan]] to measure post-void residual volume
* [[Urodynamic tests]] to assess bladder function
* [[Cystoscopy]] to visualize the urethra and bladder
==Treatment==
==Treatment==
Treatment for urinary retention depends on the type of urinary retention you have—either acute or chronic—and the cause of your urinary retention. Treatments for urinary retention may include draining the bladder, medicines, medical procedures or devices, surgery, and self-care treatments.
Treatment for urinary retention depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, catheterization, or surgery.
 
===Medications===
* [[Alpha-blockers]] to relax the muscles of the bladder neck and prostate
* [[5-alpha reductase inhibitors]] for BPH
* [[Antibiotics]] for infections
===Catheterization===
* [[Intermittent catheterization]]
* [[Indwelling catheter]]
===Surgery===
* [[Transurethral resection of the prostate]] (TURP)
* [[Urethral dilation]]
* [[Prostatectomy]]
==Complications==
If left untreated, urinary retention can lead to serious complications such as:
* [[Bladder damage]]
* [[Kidney damage]]
* [[Urinary tract infections]]
* [[Bladder stones]]
==Prevention==
==Prevention==
You can’t always prevent urinary retention, but by staying in tune with your body and bathroom habits, taking medicine as prescribed, strengthening your pelvic floor muscles, and making good dietary choices, you can help keep your bladder as healthy as possible
Preventive measures for urinary retention include:
 
* Regular medical check-ups
== External links ==
* Managing underlying conditions such as BPH
{{Medical resources
* Avoiding medications that can cause urinary retention
|  ICD10      = {{ICD10|R|33||r|30}}
* Maintaining a healthy lifestyle
|  ICD9        = {{ICD9|788.2}}
==See Also==
|  MeshID      = D016055
* [[Urinary incontinence]]
|  DiseasesDB  = 13582
* [[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]]
}}
* [[Urodynamics]]
{{Urinary system symptoms and signs}}
==External Links==
{{Authority control}}
* [American Urological Association](https://www.auanet.org)
 
* [National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases](https://www.niddk.nih.gov)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Urinary Retention}}
{{Medical conditions}}
[[Category:Urology]]
[[Category:Medical conditions]]
[[Category:Symptoms and signs: Urinary system]]
[[Category:Symptoms and signs: Urinary system]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:Acute pain]]
{{stub}}

Latest revision as of 08:56, 13 April 2025

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics

Urinary retention
Synonyms Ischuria
Pronounce N/A
Specialty N/A
Symptoms Inability to urinate, abdominal pain, bladder distension
Complications Urinary tract infection, bladder damage, kidney damage
Onset Sudden or gradual
Duration Can be acute or chronic
Types N/A
Causes Prostate enlargement, urethral stricture, neurological disorders, medications
Risks Male gender, older age, surgery, medications
Diagnosis Physical examination, bladder scan, ultrasound
Differential diagnosis Urinary incontinence, bladder outlet obstruction
Prevention N/A
Treatment Catheterization, medications, surgery
Medication Alpha blockers, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors
Prognosis N/A
Frequency Common in older males
Deaths N/A


File:Sequence 02 1.ogv

Urinary retention
Urinary retention

Urinary retention is a medical condition characterized by the inability to empty the bladder completely. It can be acute or chronic and may result from a variety of causes, including obstruction, nerve problems, or medications.

Causes[edit]

Urinary retention can be caused by several factors, which can be broadly categorized into obstructive and non-obstructive causes.

Obstructive Causes[edit]

Non-Obstructive Causes[edit]

Symptoms[edit]

The symptoms of urinary retention can vary depending on whether the condition is acute or chronic.

Acute Urinary Retention[edit]

  • Sudden inability to urinate
  • Severe pain in the lower abdomen
  • Urgent need to urinate
  • Swelling of the lower abdomen

Chronic Urinary Retention[edit]

  • Frequent urination
  • Difficulty starting urination
  • Weak urine stream
  • Feeling of incomplete bladder emptying
  • Urinary incontinence

Diagnosis[edit]

Diagnosis of urinary retention involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests.

Treatment[edit]

Treatment for urinary retention depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, catheterization, or surgery.

Medications[edit]

Catheterization[edit]

Surgery[edit]

Complications[edit]

If left untreated, urinary retention can lead to serious complications such as:

Prevention[edit]

Preventive measures for urinary retention include:

  • Regular medical check-ups
  • Managing underlying conditions such as BPH
  • Avoiding medications that can cause urinary retention
  • Maintaining a healthy lifestyle

See Also[edit]

External Links[edit]


Medical Conditions
This medical conditions related article is a stub.
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