Anaplastic thyroid cancer: Difference between revisions
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[[File: | {{SI}}<br> | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Anaplastic thyroid cancer | |||
| image = [[File:anaplastic_thyroid_carcinoma_low_mag.jpg|alt=Micrograph of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma]] | |||
| caption = Micrograph of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma | |||
| field = [[Oncology]] | |||
| synonyms = Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma | |||
| symptoms = [[Neck mass]], [[dysphagia]], [[hoarseness]], [[dyspnea]] | |||
| complications = [[Metastasis]], [[tracheal obstruction]] | |||
| onset = Typically in older adults | |||
| duration = Rapid progression | |||
| types = | |||
| causes = Unknown, but risk factors include prior [[thyroid disease]] and [[radiation exposure]] | |||
| risks = [[Age]], [[radiation]], [[goiter]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Biopsy]], [[imaging studies]] | |||
| differential = [[Thyroid lymphoma]], [[medullary thyroid cancer]], [[papillary thyroid cancer]] | |||
| prevention = | |||
| treatment = [[Surgery]], [[radiation therapy]], [[chemotherapy]] | |||
| medication = | |||
| prognosis = Poor | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
'''Other Names''' | |||
Thyroid cancer, anaplastic; Thyroid carcinoma, anaplastic; Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma | Thyroid cancer, anaplastic; Thyroid carcinoma, anaplastic; Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma | ||
'''Anaplastic thyroid | '''Anaplastic thyroid cancer '''(ATC) accounts for less than 2% of all thyroid cancers and is the most aggressive type of thyroid cancer. | ||
Most cases of anaplastic thyroid cancer are diagnosed in the sixth to seventh decade of life. Women are more likely to be affected than men. | Most cases of anaplastic thyroid cancer are diagnosed in the sixth to seventh decade of life. Women are more likely to be affected than men. | ||
== '''Risk factors''' == | == '''Risk factors''' == | ||
ATC generally occurs in individuals with a history of [[goiter]] or [[thyroid cancer]]. A history of head and neck [[radiation]] or exposure to [[radioactive materials]] may also increase the risk for ATC | ATC generally occurs in individuals with a history of [[goiter]] or [[thyroid cancer]]. A history of head and neck [[radiation]] or exposure to [[radioactive materials]] may also increase the risk for ATC | ||
== '''Symptoms''' == | == '''Symptoms''' == | ||
Patients with ATC generally present with a rapidly-growing neck mass which may cause trouble swallowing ([[dysphagia]]), coughing, neck pain, and trouble breathing (dyspnea).[[Metastasis]] is present in more than half of individuals at the time of diagnosis. Patients with metastases may also present with bone pain,lymph | Patients with ATC generally present with a rapidly-growing neck mass which may cause trouble swallowing ([[dysphagia]]), coughing, neck pain, and trouble breathing (dyspnea).[[Metastasis]] is present in more than half of individuals at the time of diagnosis. Patients with metastases may also present with bone pain,lymph node  enlargement, weakness, and neurological deficits. | ||
[[File:Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell.jpg|alt=Scanning electron microscopy image of a thyroid tumor cell adhered to Au surface.|thumb|Scanning electron microscopy image of a thyroid tumor cell adhered to Au surface.]] | [[File:Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell.jpg|alt=Scanning electron microscopy image of a thyroid tumor cell adhered to Au surface.|thumb|Scanning electron microscopy image of a thyroid tumor cell adhered to Au surface.]] | ||
== '''Treatment''' == | == '''Treatment''' == | ||
Treatment of anaplastic thyroid [[cancer]] | Treatment of anaplastic thyroid [[cancer]]  is mostly [[palliative]]. In some cases, surgery with radiation and [[chemotherapy]] may prolong survival. However, this type of cancer generally cannot be cured by surgery. Surgery to place a tube in the throat to help with breathing ([[tracheostomy]]) or in the stomach to help with eating ([[gastrostomy]]) may be needed during treatment. For some patients, enrolling in a  may be an option. There is no effective treatment for [[metastatic]] anaplastic thyroid cancer. | ||
The medication(s) listed below have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as orphan products for treatment of this condition. | The medication(s) listed below have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as orphan products for treatment of this condition. | ||
'''[[Dabrafenib]] and [[Trametinib]] combination''' | '''[[Dabrafenib]] and [[Trametinib]] combination''' | ||
[[File:Anaplastic thyroid cancer 0001.jpg|alt=Anaplastic thyroid cancer |thumb|Ultrasound of '''Anaplastic thyroid cancer''' ]] | [[File:Anaplastic thyroid cancer 0001.jpg|alt=Anaplastic thyroid cancer |thumb|Ultrasound of '''Anaplastic thyroid cancer''' ]] | ||
Treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) with BRAF V600E | Treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) with BRAF V600E  and with no satisfactory [[locoregional]] treatment options. | ||
'''Thyrotropin alpha''' '''(Brand name: Thyrogen®)''' As an adjunctive diagnostic tool for serum thyroglobulin (Tg) testing with or without [[radioiodine imaging]] in the follow-up of patients with [[thyroid cancer]]. | |||
'''Thyrotropin alpha''' '''(Brand name: | |||
== '''Prognosis''' == | == '''Prognosis''' == | ||
Due to the aggressive nature of this [[cancer]] | Due to the aggressive nature of this [[cancer]] and the lack of effective treatment options, the [[prognosis]] for individuals with ATC is often poor. The overall 5-year survival rate is reportedly less than 10% and most patients do not live longer than a few months after diagnosis. Those with a unilateral [[tumor]] , a tumor size less than 5 cm, and no lymph node involvement or metastases generally have a better prognosis.The most common site of distant [[metastasis]] is the lung, followed by the bone and brain. | ||
{{stb}} | {{stb}} | ||
{{rarediseases}} | {{rarediseases}} | ||
{{Endocrine gland neoplasia}} | {{Endocrine gland neoplasia}} | ||
[[Category:Thyroid cancer]] | [[Category:Thyroid cancer]] | ||
Latest revision as of 13:38, 4 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Anaplastic thyroid cancer | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Neck mass, dysphagia, hoarseness, dyspnea |
| Complications | Metastasis, tracheal obstruction |
| Onset | Typically in older adults |
| Duration | Rapid progression |
| Types | |
| Causes | Unknown, but risk factors include prior thyroid disease and radiation exposure |
| Risks | Age, radiation, goiter |
| Diagnosis | Biopsy, imaging studies |
| Differential diagnosis | Thyroid lymphoma, medullary thyroid cancer, papillary thyroid cancer |
| Prevention | |
| Treatment | Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy |
| Medication | |
| Prognosis | Poor |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Other Names
Thyroid cancer, anaplastic; Thyroid carcinoma, anaplastic; Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) accounts for less than 2% of all thyroid cancers and is the most aggressive type of thyroid cancer.
Most cases of anaplastic thyroid cancer are diagnosed in the sixth to seventh decade of life. Women are more likely to be affected than men.
Risk factors[edit]
ATC generally occurs in individuals with a history of goiter or thyroid cancer. A history of head and neck radiation or exposure to radioactive materials may also increase the risk for ATC
Symptoms[edit]
Patients with ATC generally present with a rapidly-growing neck mass which may cause trouble swallowing (dysphagia), coughing, neck pain, and trouble breathing (dyspnea).Metastasis is present in more than half of individuals at the time of diagnosis. Patients with metastases may also present with bone pain,lymph node  enlargement, weakness, and neurological deficits.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer  is mostly palliative. In some cases, surgery with radiation and chemotherapy may prolong survival. However, this type of cancer generally cannot be cured by surgery. Surgery to place a tube in the throat to help with breathing (tracheostomy) or in the stomach to help with eating (gastrostomy) may be needed during treatment. For some patients, enrolling in a  may be an option. There is no effective treatment for metastatic anaplastic thyroid cancer. The medication(s) listed below have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as orphan products for treatment of this condition. Dabrafenib and Trametinib combination
Treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) with BRAF V600E  and with no satisfactory locoregional treatment options. Thyrotropin alpha (Brand name: Thyrogen®) As an adjunctive diagnostic tool for serum thyroglobulin (Tg) testing with or without radioiodine imaging in the follow-up of patients with thyroid cancer.
Prognosis[edit]
Due to the aggressive nature of this cancer and the lack of effective treatment options, the prognosis for individuals with ATC is often poor. The overall 5-year survival rate is reportedly less than 10% and most patients do not live longer than a few months after diagnosis. Those with a unilateral tumor , a tumor size less than 5 cm, and no lymph node involvement or metastases generally have a better prognosis.The most common site of distant metastasis is the lung, followed by the bone and brain.
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NIH genetic and rare disease info[edit]
Anaplastic thyroid cancer is a rare disease.
| Rare and genetic diseases | ||||||
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Rare diseases - Anaplastic thyroid cancer
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| Tumours of endocrine glands | ||||||||||
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